The Multiphase Gas in Galaxies, Groups of Galaxies and Clusters of Galaxies

星系内部和星系之间的气体可以是冷的、热的或热的。了解能量如何流经这种多相气体是很重要的。为了取得进展，研究小组将清点星系、星系群和星系团中的多相气体。他们将使用无线电、亚毫米、光学和x射线观测进行盘点。观测结果将用于测试能量流模型。高级团队成员将培训初级团队成员。该团队将与在阿拉巴马州服务不足地区就读高中的少数族裔学生进行接触。该团队将利用观测来研究星系、星系群和星系团密集中心区域的多相气体，以及星系在星系团内部绕轨道运行时被推出的气体轨迹。他们的目标是研究降水的条件，恒星形成的效率，不同阶段的气体之间的关系，以及原子气体与分子气体的比例。

The gas in and between galaxies can be cold, warm or hot. It is important to understand how energy flows through such multiphase gas. To make progress, the team will inventory the multiphase gas in galaxies, groups of galaxies and clusters of galaxies. They will use radio, sub-millimeter, optical and X-ray observations for the inventory. The observations will be used to test models of energy flow. Senior team members will train junior team members. The team will engage with students from underrepresented minorities who attend high schools in underserved areas of Alabama.The team will use observations to study the multiphase gas in the dense central regions of galaxies, groups of galaxies, and clusters of galaxies, and in the trails of gas pushed out of galaxies as they orbit inside clusters of galaxies. Their goals are to investigate the conditions for precipitation, the efficiencies of star formation, the relationships between the gas in different phases, and the ratios of atomic gas to molecular gas.