Standardization in Diversity: The case of German in Luxembourg (1795-1920)

在历史语言学和社会语言学的交叉点，该项目侧重于卢森堡德语标准化的动态。卢森堡有着悠久的多种语言使用历史，是在语言多样性背景下研究语言标准化的典范。标准化，大致理解为语言规范的选择、编纂、实施和阐述，大多是从单语或比较的角度来研究的，但很少从语言接触和多语使用的角度来研究。虽然毫无疑问，语言接触和多语使用在语言历史上占有重要地位，但它们对语言标准化的具体影响却很少得到研究。为了填补这一空白，拟议的项目致力于研究日耳曼语族之间的语言接触，即摩泽尔-弗朗哥语/新兴卢森堡语、口语德语以及德语和法语之间的语言接触在卢森堡德语标准化中的作用。该项目以语言标准化、语言接触、多语言和文本语言学的最新理论为基础，将以一个提供卢森堡市历史双语公告的广泛语料库的在线数据库为经验基础。特别关注所谓的从法国大革命到第一次世界大战的漫长19世纪，要调查的接触场景是由政治吞并，民族解放和社会现代化的过程构成的，例如行政结构的发展和城市空间作为公共交流场所的出现。在此背景下，本文将采用语言管理的方法来实现语言标准化，并研究语言和社会因素的影响和相互作用。行政管理领域为这些研究目的提供了一个很好的背景，因为它代表了一种具有社会意义的语言使用类型。在这一领域内，调查的重点是市政自上而下的沟通，即公示。德语标准化过程的重构既注重系统方面，也注重功能方面，将探讨语言变异和复制的结构性过程，并讨论相关的语言管理活动，如法规、法令、法律等。这还将包括分析有关市政对公告的评论和报纸等来源所表达的语言态度的数据。在这样做的过程中，该项目将提供关于地位和语料标准化和功能阐述过程的详细情况。在整体上，将讨论语言与社会的相互作用，并产生一个考虑语言多样性因素的标准化理论。

At the intersection of historical linguistics and sociolinguistics, this project focuses on the dynamics of the standardization of the German language in Luxembourg. With a long history of multilingualism, Luxembourg constitutes a prime example for studying language standardization in a context of linguistic diversity. Standardization, roughly understood as the selection, codification, implementation and elaboration of language norms, has been mostly investigated in a monolingual or comparative perspective, but hardly at all from the point of view of language contact and multilingualism. Although there is no doubt that language contact and multilingualism figure prominently for language history in general, their specific impact on language standardization has scarcely been studied. To fill this gap, the proposed project is devoted to the role of language contact between Germanic varieties, i.e. Moselle-Franconian/emerging Luxembourgish, colloquial German, and language contact between German and French, in the standardization of the German language in Luxembourg. Grounded in up-to-date theory on language standardization, language contact, multilingualism and text linguistics, the project will be empirically based on an online database providing an extensive corpus of historical bilingual public notices of the city of Luxembourg.Particularly focused on the so called long 19th century from the French Revolution to the Great War, the contact scenario to be investigated is framed by processes of political annexation, national emancipation and societal modernization, e.g. development of administration structures and emergence of urban spaces as an arena for public communication. Set in this context, a language management approach to language standardization will be adopted and the effects of and interplay between linguistic and social factors will be studied.The domain of administration provides an excellent setting for these research purposes, as it represents a socially significant type of language use. Within this domain, the investigation will focus on municipal top-down communication, i.e. public notices. Paying equal attention to systemic and functional aspects, the reconstruction of the process of the standardization of German will address structural processes concerning language variation and replication and discuss relevant language management activities, e.g. regulations, decrees, laws. This will also incorporate analysis of data relating to municipal comments on the public notices and language attitudes expressed in sources such as newspapers. In doing so, the project will provide a detailed picture of the processes of status- and corpus standardization and functional elaboration. In an overall perspective, the interaction of language and society will be discussed and a standardization theory will be generated that takes account of the factor of linguistic diversity.