CRISP: Type 2/Collaborative Research: Design and Control of Coordinated Green and Gray Water Infrastructure to Improve Resiliency in Chemical and Agricultural Sectors

科学家们以及公共和私营部门都在讨论“绿色基础设施”的潜力，这是一种保护、恢复或模仿自然水循环的水管理方法。这种方法是经济的：湿地的建设或恢复比建造一个新的水处理厂要划算得多。绿色基础设施还降低了制造风险，同时提高了社区安全和生活质量。例如，恢复湿地将改善制造商的用水可靠性，为野生动物创造栖息地和开放空间，并降低公共供水遭受干旱和洪水的风险。关于绿色基础设施的一个悬而未决的大问题是，如果绿色基础设施与传统的灰色基础设施（如水库运营）相结合，管理者是否能够更好地控制水系统。然而，用于混合灰色和绿色水基础设施的建模、数据和决策支持工具尚不存在。这个关键弹性相互依赖基础设施系统和过程（CRISP）项目提出了一个建模框架，将灰色和绿色水基础设施系统和过程结合起来。该项目还将具有经济动机的人类参与者的影响纳入耦合系统。具体来说，科学家和水资源管理者的合作旨在最大限度地减少极端天气（干旱和洪水）对德克萨斯州沿海盆地化学、石油和农业部门基础设施过程的影响。这项工作导致：(1)水权持有者和监管者之间的知识交流，包括私营部门和公共部门行动者之间的知识交流。(2)建立在线学习平台，将项目成果传播到培训企业可持续发展官员和河流管理部门的课程中。(3)培养至少三名研究生，三名博士后和许多本科生，包括一些来自少数民族服务机构（位于金斯维尔的德克萨斯农工大学）的学生，并促进亚利桑那州立大学和位于金斯维尔的德克萨斯农工大学之间的合作。关于绿色基础设施的一个悬而未决的大问题是，通过与传统的灰色基础设施（如水库运营）相结合，是否可以更好地控制其好处——提高基流可靠性、抑制峰值流量、本地存储。目前尚不存在混合灰色和绿色水基础设施的建模、数据和决策支持工具。该项目提出了一个控制理论框架，将灰色和绿色基础设施子系统和过程结合起来，并明确地将经济动机的人类参与者的影响纳入系统。该项目框架最大限度地减少了极端天气（干旱和洪水）对德克萨斯州沿海盆地化学、石油和农业部门基础设施过程的负面影响。这项工作包括对用于储水和运输的灰色基础设施以及提供环境和美学效益的绿色基础设施进行综合分析。虽然灰色和绿色基础设施经常混杂在一起，但它们通常是独立分析的。对于这一综合分析，工程部分是德克萨斯州干旱和潮湿地区地下水和地表水相互作用的模型。计算机科学方面是耦合的灰绿色基础设施系统和环境服务流的生成的综合。社会经济研究是竞争博弈论的应用，旨在理解和扩大水交易，以促进已分配给商业、工业或市政使用的水权的流入。该项目还包括水交易应用的可视化和利益相关者参与。

Scientists, along with the public and private sectors, are abuzz with the potential for "green infrastructure," an approach for water management that protects, restores, or mimics the natural water cycle. This approach is economical: Wetland construction or restoration can be far more cost effective than building a new water treatment plant. Green infrastructure also lessens manufacturing risks, while it enhances community safety and quality of life. For example, restored wetlands would improve water reliability for manufacturers, create habitats and open spaces for wildlife, and dampen the risks of drought and floods on public water supplies. The big, unanswered question about green infrastructure is whether managers would be better able to control water systems if green infrastructure was coupled with traditional gray infrastructure, such as reservoir operations. Modeling, data, and decision-support tools for blending gray and green water infrastructure, however, do not yet exist. This Critical Resilient Interdependent Infrastructure Systems and Processes (CRISP) project advances a modelling framework that couples gray and green water infrastructure systems and processes. The project also incorporate the effects of economically motivated human players into the coupled system. Specifically, this collaboration of scientists and water managers aims to minimize the impacts of extreme weather (drought and flood) on infrastructure processes in the chemical, petroleum, and agricultural sectors along the coastal basins of Texas. This work leads to: (1) A knowledge exchange between water-rights holders and regulators, including between private and public-sector actors. (2) An online learning platform to disseminate project results into curricula to train corporate sustainability officers and river authorities. (3) Training at least three graduate students, three postdocs, and many undergraduate students, including some from a minority-serving institution (Texas A&M University at Kingsville), and nurturing the collaboration between Arizona State and Texas A&M at Kingsville Universities.The big, unanswered question about green infrastructure is whether the benefits - improved base flow reliability, damped peak flows, local storage - might be better controlled by being coupled to traditional gray infrastructure, such as reservoir operations. Modeling, data, and decision-support tools for blending gray and green water infrastructure do not exist at present. This project advances a control-theory framework that couples gray and green infrastructure subsystems and processes, and explicitly incorporates the effects of economically motivated human players into the system. The project framework minimizes the negative effects of extreme weather (drought and flood) on infrastructure processes in the chemical, petroleum, and agricultural sectors of the coastal basins of Texas. The work includes an integrated analysis of grey infrastructure for water storage and conveyance along with green infrastructure that provides environmental and aesthetic benefits. Although gray and green infrastructure are often intermingled, they are usually analyzed independently. For this integrated analysis, the engineering component is a model of ground and surface water interactions in both arid and humid regions in Texas. The computer science aspect is a synthesis of coupled grey-green infrastructure systems and the generation of environmental service flows. The socioeconomic study is an application of competitive game theory that seeks to understand and augment water trading to promote in-stream flows from water rights that have been allocated for commercial, industrial, or municipal use. The project also includes visualization and stakeholder engagement in the application of water trading.