CRISP: Type 2/Collaborative Research: Design and Control of Coordinated Green and Gray Water Infrastructure to Improve Resiliency in Chemical and Agricultural Sectors

科学家们，连同公共和私营部门沿着，都在热议“绿色基础设施”的潜力，这是一种保护、恢复或模仿自然水循环的水管理方法。这种方法是经济的：湿地建设或恢复可以比建立一个新的水处理厂更具成本效益。绿色基础设施还可以降低制造业风险，同时提高社区安全和生活质量。例如，恢复湿地将提高制造商用水的可靠性，为野生动物创造栖息地和开放空间，并降低干旱和洪水对公共供水的风险。关于绿色基础设施，一个尚未回答的大问题是，如果绿色基础设施与传统的灰色基础设施（如水库运营）相结合，管理人员是否能够更好地控制供水系统。然而，用于混合灰色和绿色水基础设施的建模、数据和决策支持工具尚不存在。这个关键的弹性相互依赖的基础设施系统和过程（CRISP）项目推进了一个模型框架，耦合灰色和绿色水基础设施系统和过程。该项目还将经济动机的人类玩家的影响纳入耦合系统中。具体而言，科学家和水资源管理人员的这种合作旨在最大限度地减少极端天气（干旱和洪水）对德克萨斯州沿海盆地沿着化学，石油和农业部门基础设施过程的影响。这项工作的结果是：（1）水权持有者和管理者之间，包括私营部门和公共部门行为者之间的知识交流。(2)一个在线学习平台，将项目成果纳入课程，以培训企业可持续性官员和河流管理部门。(3)培训至少三名研究生、三名博士后和许多本科生，包括来自少数民族服务机构（金斯维尔的德克萨斯农工大学）的一些学生，并培养亚利桑那州立大学和金斯维尔大学的德克萨斯农工大学之间的合作。关于绿色基础设施，一个尚未回答的大问题是，通过与传统的灰色基础设施（如水库运营）相结合，是否可以更好地控制这些好处--提高基本流量的可靠性、减缓峰值流量、本地存储。目前还不存在用于混合灰色和绿色水基础设施的建模、数据和决策支持工具。该项目提出了一个控制理论框架，耦合灰色和绿色基础设施子系统和过程，并明确纳入经济动机的人类球员的影响到系统中。该项目框架最大限度地减少了极端天气（干旱和洪水）对德克萨斯州沿海盆地化学，石油和农业部门基础设施进程的负面影响。这项工作包括对灰色基础设施的综合分析，这些基础设施用于水的储存和输送沿着，以及提供环境和美学效益的绿色基础设施。尽管灰色和绿色基础设施经常混杂在一起，但通常会对它们进行独立分析。对于这种综合分析，工程组成部分是在得克萨斯州干旱和潮湿地区的地下水和地表水相互作用的模型。计算机科学方面是一个耦合的灰绿色基础设施系统和环境服务流的生成的合成。社会经济学研究是竞争博弈论的应用，旨在理解和增强水交易，以促进已分配用于商业，工业或市政用途的水权的流入。该项目还包括可视化和利益攸关方参与水交易的应用。

Scientists, along with the public and private sectors, are abuzz with the potential for "green infrastructure," an approach for water management that protects, restores, or mimics the natural water cycle. This approach is economical: Wetland construction or restoration can be far more cost effective than building a new water treatment plant. Green infrastructure also lessens manufacturing risks, while it enhances community safety and quality of life. For example, restored wetlands would improve water reliability for manufacturers, create habitats and open spaces for wildlife, and dampen the risks of drought and floods on public water supplies. The big, unanswered question about green infrastructure is whether managers would be better able to control water systems if green infrastructure was coupled with traditional gray infrastructure, such as reservoir operations. Modeling, data, and decision-support tools for blending gray and green water infrastructure, however, do not yet exist. This Critical Resilient Interdependent Infrastructure Systems and Processes (CRISP) project advances a modelling framework that couples gray and green water infrastructure systems and processes. The project also incorporate the effects of economically motivated human players into the coupled system. Specifically, this collaboration of scientists and water managers aims to minimize the impacts of extreme weather (drought and flood) on infrastructure processes in the chemical, petroleum, and agricultural sectors along the coastal basins of Texas. This work leads to: (1) A knowledge exchange between water-rights holders and regulators, including between private and public-sector actors. (2) An online learning platform to disseminate project results into curricula to train corporate sustainability officers and river authorities. (3) Training at least three graduate students, three postdocs, and many undergraduate students, including some from a minority-serving institution (Texas A&M University at Kingsville), and nurturing the collaboration between Arizona State and Texas A&M at Kingsville Universities.The big, unanswered question about green infrastructure is whether the benefits - improved base flow reliability, damped peak flows, local storage - might be better controlled by being coupled to traditional gray infrastructure, such as reservoir operations. Modeling, data, and decision-support tools for blending gray and green water infrastructure do not exist at present. This project advances a control-theory framework that couples gray and green infrastructure subsystems and processes, and explicitly incorporates the effects of economically motivated human players into the system. The project framework minimizes the negative effects of extreme weather (drought and flood) on infrastructure processes in the chemical, petroleum, and agricultural sectors of the coastal basins of Texas. The work includes an integrated analysis of grey infrastructure for water storage and conveyance along with green infrastructure that provides environmental and aesthetic benefits. Although gray and green infrastructure are often intermingled, they are usually analyzed independently. For this integrated analysis, the engineering component is a model of ground and surface water interactions in both arid and humid regions in Texas. The computer science aspect is a synthesis of coupled grey-green infrastructure systems and the generation of environmental service flows. The socioeconomic study is an application of competitive game theory that seeks to understand and augment water trading to promote in-stream flows from water rights that have been allocated for commercial, industrial, or municipal use. The project also includes visualization and stakeholder engagement in the application of water trading.