Phase II IUCRC Villanova University: Center for Energy-Smart Electronic Systems (ES2)

数据中心是生活中不可或缺的一部分，提供从社交网络、电子商务和娱乐到为个人和企业提供存储和计算能力的云基础设施的服务。数据中心消耗了全国2%以上的电力，主要来自化石能源。 能源智能电子系统中心（ES 2）的成立是为了开发提高电子系统（主要是数据中心）能源效率的工具和方法。数据中心消耗的大部分能源都是由于运营效率低下而浪费的，包括运行的服务器数量超过了处理工作负载所需的数量，IT设备过度冷却，或者部署了次优的冷却和IT技术。 ES2？的研究重点是开发用于运营数据中心的智能和全自动化技术，以使IT和冷却资源与工作负载需求相匹配，避免能源浪费，同时保持服务质量。 ES 2研究通过以下方式造福社会：（a）提供解决方案，以减少对电网的需求和碳足迹，并以节能的方式实现基于数据中心的服务的增长;（B）通过培训工程师和计算机科学家的高需求技能来开发人力资源。ES2？ES 2研究的目标是开发用于操作电子系统（包括数据中心）的系统方法，作为动态自感知和调节认知系统，这些认知系统是预测性的，并在真实的时间内得到验证。在Villanova工厂，正在开发算法和系统，以增强和控制冷却，并协助我们的合作伙伴工厂开发的专家系统解决方案，以整体方式安排或迁移工作负载，以实现最佳能耗。正在开发和优化使用混合空气-液体冷却以及单相和两相液体冷却的冷却数据中心的高级策略。 这些先进的冷却方法预计数据中心设备中的热密度会不断增加。我们的研究正在开发利用动态混合冷却系统的改进方法和指标，这些方法和指标可用于在需要的地方和时间提供高效的按需冷却。 维拉诺瓦工厂正在研究将数据中心消耗的电力中的废热转化为有用能源的方法。 超过90%的电力供应到数据中心是作为废热耗散，因此我们的研究将对数据中心系统的整体能源可持续性产生重大影响。

Data centers are an integral part of life, providing services ranging from social networking, e-commerce and entertainment to cloud infrastructures that provide storage and computing capabilities for individuals and enterprises. Data centers consume over 2% of the nation's electricity, generated mostly from fossil sources. The Center for Energy-Smart Electronic systems (ES2) was established to develop tools and methodologies for improving the energy efficiency of electronic systems, primarily data centers. Much of the energy expended by data centers is wasted due to operating inefficiencies, including operating more servers than are needed to handle the workload and overcooling the IT equipment, or deploying sub-optimal cooling and IT technologies. ES2?s research focusses on developing intelligent and fully automated techniques for operating data centers to match the IT and cooling resources to the workload demands, avoiding energy waste while maintaining service quality. ES2 research benefits society by: (a) providing solutions to reduce the demand on the electrical grid and the carbon footprint and enabling the growth of data center-based services in an energy-efficient way and (b) developing human resources by training engineers and computer scientists in high-demand skills. ES2?s research therefore enables the nation to maintain competitive, agile and energy-efficient cyber services and infrastructures.The goal of ES2 research is to develop systematic methodologies for operating electronic systems, including data centers, as dynamic self-sensing and regulating cognitive systems that are predictive and verified in real time. At the Villanova site, algorithms and systems are being developed to enhance and control cooling and to assist expert system schedulers being developed at our partner site to schedule or migrate workload in a holistic manner in order to achieve optimal energy consumption. Advanced strategies for cooling data centers using hybrid air-liquid cooling and single and two-phase liquid cooling are being developed and optimized. These advanced cooling methods anticipate ever increasing thermal densities in data center equipment. Our research is leading to the development of improved methods and metrics for utilizing Dynamic Hybrid Cooling Systems which can be used to deliver efficient on-demand cooling where and when it is needed. The Villanova site is investigating methods for the conversion of Waste Heat from electrical power consumed in a data center to useful Energy. More than 90% of electrical power supplied to a data center is dissipated as waste heat, hence our research will have significant impact on the overall energy sustainability of data center systems.