Changes of the aerobic and anaerobic energy metabolism during the early post-mortem meat formation in the pig with special reference to mitochondrial F0F1-ATPase and the phenomenon of cellular (mitochondrial) treason

在屠宰猪后，具有较高比例的氧化纤维的肌肉（红色肌肉）与具有较低比例的氧化纤维的肌肉（白色肌肉）相比具有较高的最终pH值。然而，在大多数情况下，这些肌肉类型之间的pH值降低曲线并不不同。这种差异可能是由于白色肌肉的较高缓冲能力和/或由于细胞（线粒体）叛逆现象导致的红色纤维中的加速pH降低。这种现象与酶F0 F1-ATP酶的功能变化有关。在生理条件下，线粒体内膜上的电化学质子梯度与由F0 F1-ATP酶催化的ATP合成相关。缺氧（缺氧，例如屠宰后）会降低质子梯度。为了维持梯度，F0 F1-ATP酶可以改变为ATP依赖性质子泵，与组织的ATP消耗增加相关（叛逆）。由于此时由于缺氧，ATP通过伴随乳酸积累的无氧糖酵解形成，因此可以假设pH加速到白色肌肉的水平。关于猪骨骼肌细胞（线粒体）叛逆的数据尚未发表。因此，在本研究中，线粒体呼吸能力的变化，从能量代谢的酶，特别是F0 F1-ATP酶，核苷酸和缓冲能力在常氧和缺氧屠宰后的猪应生化和分子生物学研究。同时，肌肉将根据不同的肉质参数（例如，pH、滴水损失），并结合生物化学和分子生物学结果进行分析。本研究的目的是调查在正常大气氧浓度（常氧）和肌肉组织缺氧/缺氧之间的过渡期，线粒体对屠宰后不久（早期宰后）肉形成的影响，特别关注F0 F1-ATP酶。

After slaughter of pigs, muscles with higher proportions of oxidative fibers (red muscles) in comparison to those with lower proportions (white muscles) have higher final pH values. However, the pH reduction curve is not different in most cases between these muscle types. This discrepancy may be due to the higher buffer capacity of white muscles and/ or the accelerated pH reduction in red fibers due to the phenomenon of cellular (mitochondrial) treason. This phenomenon is related to a functional change of the enzyme F0F1-ATPase. Under physiological conditions, the electrochemical proton gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane is associated with the synthesis of ATP, catalyzed by the F0F1-ATPase. Oxygen deficiency (hypoxia, e.g. after slaughter) reduces the proton gradient. For maintenance of the gradient F0F1-ATPase can change to an ATP-dependent proton pump, associated with increased ATP consumption of the tissue (treason). Since at this time due to hypoxia ATP is formed by anaerobic glycolysis accompanied with lactate accumulation, it could be assumed that the pH is accelerated to the level of the white muscles. Data about cellular (mitochondrial) treason in skeletal muscles in pigs have not been published. Therefore, in the present study changes of mitochondrial respiratory capacity, of enzymes from the energy metabolism, particularly of the F0F1-ATPase, of nucleotides and of the buffer capacity during normoxia and hypoxia after slaughter of pigs should be studied biochemically and molecular biologically. At the same time muscles will be characterized in terms of different meat quality parameters (e.g., pH, drip loss) and analyzed in conjunction with the biochemical and molecular biological results. The aim of the study is to investigate the influence of mitochondria on meat formation shortly after slaughter (early post-mortem) at the transition between the normal atmospheric oxygen concentration (normoxia) and hypoxia / anoxia of the muscle tissue, with special focus on the F0F1-ATPase.