CRII: CPS: Design of Secure and Dependable Next Generation Automotive Cyber-Physical Systems

下一代汽车将进一步升级电子控制单元（ecu）的扩散，以实现新的和令人兴奋的控制和信息娱乐应用。虽然电子嵌入式系统的使用提高了性能、驾驶舒适性、安全性和经济性；这种汽车系统的电子控制使这些系统容易受到永久、瞬态和间歇性电子故障的影响，这可能大大降低这些系统的可靠性和可用性。此外，最近的研究表明，现代汽车控制系统容易受到安全攻击，直接影响汽车的物理安全性和可靠性。该研究计划的新颖之处在于，在最大限度地减少能耗并确保不违反应用程序的实时约束的同时，将安全性和可靠性集成在一起。本项目提出的可靠性和安全性方法也适用于其他CPS，如交通工具、工业自动化、有人驾驶和无人驾驶飞行器、医疗监控等。正如本研究项目所追求的那样，节能安全性和可靠性集成进一步意味着内燃机车辆（特别是飞行器）的燃油效率更高，混合动力和电动车辆的电池寿命更长。为了解决在最小化能耗的同时实现安全性和可靠性集成的研究挑战，该研究计划提出利用多核ecu以低能耗实现汽车安全关键功能的高可靠性。该研究项目由两个模块组成，但相互关联。首先，该项目旨在开发一种新的可靠性方法，通过比较点和轻量级检查点的优化组合，实现快速错误检测和纠正（QEDC），即使在存在故障的情况下，也能更好地满足应用程序的实时限制。提出的可靠性方法希望通过智能地使用动态电压和频率缩放（DVFS）来实现节能容错。第二个重点是开发一种集成的安全和安保方法，该方法将以节能的方式集成安全原语：车辆网络的机密性、完整性和身份验证，而不会违反网络物理应用的最大可容忍响应时间所施加的实时限制。该项目进一步旨在调整安全和安保参数（例如，QEDC的比较点数量、检查点数量、加密算法的密钥长度和消息认证码），以满足不断变化的环境刺激（例如，瞬态故障率和车辆总线负载）下应用程序的实时需求。

The next generation of automobiles will further escalate the proliferation of electronic control units (ECUs) to enable new and exciting control and infotainment applications. Although the use of electronic embedded systems improves performance, driving comfort, safety, and economy for the customer; this electronic control of automotive systems makes these systems susceptible to permanent, transient, and intermittent electronic failures, which can significantly reduce the reliability and availability of these systems. In addition, recent work has demonstrated vulnerability of modern car control systems to security attacks that directly impact the automobile's physical safety and dependability. The novel aspect of this research program is the simultaneous integration of security and dependability while minimizing energy consumption and ensuring that real-time constraints of the application are not violated. The dependability and security approaches proposed in this project are also applicable to other CPS, such as transit vehicles, industrial automation, manned and unmanned air vehicles, and medical monitoring. Energy-efficient security and dependability integration, as pursued in this research program, further implies greater fuel-efficiency for combustion engine vehicles (in particular, aerial vehicles) and longer battery lifer for hybrid and electric vehicles.To address the research challenge of simultaneous security and dependability integration while minimizing energy consumption, this research program proposes to leverage multicore ECUs to achieve high reliability with low energy-overhead for automotive safety-critical functions. The research program consists of two modular but inter-linked thrusts. In the first thrust, the project aims to develop a novel dependability methodology that would enable quick error detection and correction (QEDC) via an optimized combination of comparison-points and lightweight checkpointing to better meet the application's real-time constraints even in the presence of faults. The proposed dependability methodology aspires to attain energy-efficient fault tolerance by an intelligent use of dynamic voltage and frequency scaling (DVFS). The second thrust aims to develop an integrated safety and security methodology that would integrate security primitives: confidentiality, integrity, and authentication over vehicular networks in an energy-efficient manner without violating the real-time constraints imposed by the maximum tolerable response time of cyber-physical applications. The project further aims to adapt safety and security parameters (e.g., number of comparison points for QEDC, number of checkpoints, key lengths for cryptographic algorithms and message authentication codes) to meet the application's real-time requirements under changing environmental stimuli (e.g., transient fault rate and vehicular bus load).