INSPIRE - Intentional defaults for more sustainable infrastructure: Studying interventions to alleviate biases in upstream, multi-stakeholder decisions

1531041(克洛茨)。INSPIRE项目由英国工程局CBET部门的环境可持续性项目、英国工程局SES部门的决策、风险和管理科学项目以及综合活动办公室共同资助。该项目将把旨在减轻诸如框架效应和社会规范等决策偏差的干预措施的研究扩展到上游、多方利益相关者的可持续决策。本主题将在物理基础设施开发决策的默认或起点的背景下进行研究，这对各种可持续性问题具有长期影响。与其他领域一样，基础设施中的此类决策是由决策辅助工具指导的，包括评级系统，这些辅助工具没有充分利用行为科学的进步，部分原因是这是一个方法、问题和解决方案的跨学科交流很少的领域。通过NSF RCN sustainable建立的合作，该项目将研究提供给基础设施设计师的默认选项是否以及如何帮助他们克服选择更可持续选项的障碍。在领先的可持续基础设施评级系统Envision中，将对故意设计的违约进行研究。研究计划遵循一个迭代的过程，从实验工作开始，与学生和专业人员一起测试一系列默认干预措施，使用实际基础设施开发决策的副本。实验将测试行为科学理论在多大程度上适用于上游的多利益相关者决策，特别是默认选择是否会影响此类决策，以及通过以下三种渠道中的哪一种：做出决策所需的认知能量；认为默认选项是推荐或社会规范选项；并将结果定义为得失。实验还将探讨披露干预措施是否会降低其效果。与决策者的半结构化访谈将补充实验，以探索与技术和经济考虑以及与利益相关者的不同目标，重要性权重和权衡值相比，选择默认的相对影响。该项目旨在产生教育案例研究，为工程和行为科学课程注入研究见解。

1531041 (Klotz). This INSPIRE project is jointly funded by the Environmental Sustainability program in the CBET Division in the ENG Directorate, the Decision, Risk, and Management Sciences program in the SES Division of the SBE Directorate, and the Office of Integrative Activities. The project will extend - to upstream, multi-stakeholder decision making for sustainability - the study of interventions designed to alleviate decision biases such as framing effects and social norms. This topic will be studied in the context of defaults, or starting points, in development decisions for physical infrastructure, which has long term impacts on various sustainability concerns. Such decisions in infrastructure, as in other domains, are guided by decision aids including rating systems that do not take full advantage of advances in behavioral sciences, in part because this is an area where interdisciplinary exchange of methods, problems, and solutions has been rare. Through a collaboration that was established by the NSF RCN SUSSTAIN, this project will examine whether and how default options presented to infrastructure designers can help them overcome barriers to the selection of more sustainable options. Intentionally designed defaults will be studied in Envision, a leading rating system for sustainable infrastructure. The research plan follows an iterative process that begins with experimental work to test a series of default interventions, with students and professionals, using replicas of actual infrastructure development decisions. Experiments will test the extent to which behavioral science theories translate to upstream, multi-stakeholder decisions, in particular whether choice defaults influence such decisions, and through which of three channels: the cognitive energy required to make a decision; perceptions that the default is the recommended or social norm option; and by framing the outcome as a loss or gain. Experiments will also explore whether disclosing interventions diminishes their effect. Semi-structured interviews with decision makers will complement the experiments to explore the relative influence of the choice defaults compared to technical and economic considerations and compared to stakeholders' differing goals, importance weightings, and tradeoff values. This project is set up to yield educational case studies to infuse research insights into engineering and behavioral science curricula.