RAPID: Surge of Negribreen, Svalbard

冰川流入海洋的速度的变化是未来海平面上升估计的不确定性来源之一。涌浪是短暂的事件，在此期间，这些流量增加到正常流量的100倍以上。在任何给定的冰川上，通常持续几个月到几年的潮汐，每隔几十年到几个世纪发生一次。因此，几乎没有关于浪涌的详细观测资料可供研究。斯瓦尔巴群岛最大的冰川之一Negribreen去年夏天开始激增。该项目将收集不同的数据集，这些数据集将与卫星数据一起用于描述汹涌的冰川。该项目将通过支持一名研究生和一名本科生的培训，为STEM劳动力发展做出贡献。该项目的观测结果将被添加到现有的网站上，并为K-12社区制作演示文稿。将结合观测(激光测高、视频、全球定位系统数据、小型飞机照片和卫星数据)和最近开发的分析方法，了解冰川对涌动动力学的响应(变形、破裂、加速、冰川系统中的涌浪进程、海拔变化和质量转移)。首席研究员一直在使用类似的技术和数值模拟研究阿拉斯加白令-巴格利冰川系统2011-2013年和1993-1995年的激增。白令冰川是以温暖为基础的冰川，而Negribreen是以寒冷为基础的冰川。两个系统的结果将进行比较和对比。可以预见，不同气候条件共有的涌浪特征可以与依赖于特定环境条件的特征相分离。

Changes in the rate at which glaciers flow into the ocean are a source of uncertainty in estimates of future sea level rise. Surges are brief events during which these rates increase up to 100 times greater than the normal flow rate. Surges, which typically last between a few months and a few years on any given glacier, occur at intervals of decades to centuries. Therefore, few detailed observations of surges are available for study. Negribreen, one of the largest glaciers in Svalbard, has started to surge last summer. This project will collect different data sets that will be used with satellite data to characterize the surging glacier. The project will contribute to STEM workforce development by supporting the training of a graduate student and an undergraduate student. Observations from this project will be added to an existing website and to develop presentations for the K-12 community.A combination of observations (laser altimetry, video, GPS data, photographs from small aircraft, and satellite data) and recently developed analysis approaches will be used to develop an understanding of glacier response (deformation, crevassing, acceleration, surge progression in the glacier system, elevation change and mass transfer) to surge dynamics. The principal investigator has been studying the 2011-2013 and 1993-1995 surges of the Bering-Bagley Glacier System, Alaska, using similar techniques and numerical modeling. Bering Glacier is a warm-based glacier and Negribreen a cold-based glacier. Results from the two systems will be compared and contrasted. It is anticipated that characteristics of surges common to different climate conditions may be isolated from those dependent upon specific environmental conditions.