Searching for Upper Atmospheric Waves at the Edge of Space (SURGE)

寻找太空边缘的高层大气波（SURGE）

• 批准号: NE/X017842/1
• 负责人: Neil Hindley
• 金额: $ 78.67万
• 依托单位: University of Bath
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Fellowship
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2023 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=NE%2FX017842%2F1
• 关键词: Searching; Upper; Atmospheric; Waves; Edge

Atmospheric modelling is entering a new era of whole-atmosphere models which extend from the surface to space. These models will provide significant societal benefit, improving both terrestrial and space-weather predictions and forecasts of processes as diverse as long-term surface climate change, satellite orbital drag and GNSS & radio disruptions. However, these new models currently fail to simulate fundamental circulations of the middle and upper atmosphere. This dramatically inhibits their ability to couple these layers together and simulate the atmosphere as one. For example, in one leading climate model, the winds in polar mesosphere and lower thermosphere (between 80-110km) are not only the wrong speed, but they blow in the wrong direction for half the year compared to observations. This problem is widespread, affecting nearly all vertically-extended atmospheric models including the Met Office Extended Unified Model (ExUM), and is as a major impediment to realising the vision of whole-atmospheric modelling. This bias occurs because nearly all global models have inaccurate representations of a fundamental component of the atmospheric circulation: atmospheric gravity waves (GWs). Atmospheric GWs transport energy and momentum throughout the atmosphere and are responsible for driving many large scale circulations in the middle atmosphere. More importantly for the middle and upper atmosphere, these models have no representation at all of secondary gravity waves (2GWs), which are generated when primary GWs break, like ocean waves crashing on a beach. These cascades of 2GWs can transport momentum in very different ways to the primary GWs that generated them, and recent theoretical work has shown that these waves are essential to achieving realistic circulations in the middle and upper atmosphere. There is therefore a critical needs to observe, measure and understand 2GWs throughout the middle and upper atmosphere globally, such that they can be represented in the next generation of whole-atmosphere climate models and achieve realistic atmospheric forecasts from the surface to the edge of space. In SURGE, I will use a sophisticated suite of global observations and state-of-the-art models to detect, measure and simulate 2GWs throughout the middle and upper atmosphere and test how they can be represented in next generation whole-atmosphere models. This will complete the fundamental knowledge gap crucial for realising accurate atmospheric forecasts from the surface to space.

大气建模正在进入一个从地面延伸到空间的全大气模型的新时代。这些模型将带来显著的社会效益，改善陆地和空间天气预测，以及对长期地表气候变化、卫星轨道阻力和全球导航卫星系统和无线电中断等各种过程的预报。然而，这些新模式目前未能模拟中高层大气的基本环流。这极大地抑制了它们将这些层耦合在一起并将大气模拟为一体的能力。例如，在一个领先的气候模型中，极地中层和低热层（80- 110公里之间）的风不仅速度错误，而且与观测结果相比，它们在半年内吹向错误的方向。这个问题很普遍，影响到几乎所有垂直扩展的大气模型，包括英国气象局扩展统一模型（ExUM），是实现全大气模型愿景的主要障碍。这种偏差的发生是因为几乎所有的全球模式都对大气环流的一个基本组成部分：大气重力波（GW）有不准确的描述。大气GW在整个大气中传输能量和动量，并负责驱动中层大气中的许多大尺度环流。更重要的是，对于中层和高层大气，这些模型根本没有表示次级重力波（2GW），这是当主GW破裂时产生的，就像海浪撞击海滩一样。这些2GW的级联可以以非常不同的方式将动量传输到产生它们的主要GW，最近的理论工作表明，这些波对于在中层和高层大气中实现现实的环流至关重要。因此，迫切需要观测、测量和了解全球中层和高层大气中的2GW，以便能够在下一代全大气气候模型中体现这些GW，并实现从地面到空间边缘的现实大气预报。在SURGE中，我将使用一套复杂的全球观测和最先进的模型来检测，测量和模拟整个中高层大气的2GW，并测试它们如何在下一代全大气模型中表示。这将填补从地面到太空实现准确大气预报的关键基础知识空白。