SBIR Phase I: Perovskite photovoltaics for indoor power supply applications

小型企业创新研究(SBIR)第一阶段项目的更广泛影响/商业潜力是，通过需要比电池提供的更大无线功率的新功能和应用来支持物联网(IoT)的扩展。物联网是通过互联网互联并改变我们的生活和工作方式的一系列不断扩大的日常物品。家庭、企业、车辆、公共场所和其他地方的智能设备互联是大数据革命的重要驱动力，可以带来无数的社会效益，如提高效率、确保安全和提高生产率。物联网设备的增长得益于普通芯片组的小型化、模块化和成本降低，以及低功耗智能的增加。利用现有有线电源的物联网产品-例如智能灯、电视、扬声器、恒温器、安全摄像头、个人数字助理等-主导了市场。然而，越来越多的独立电池供电的物联网设备正在获得吸引力；但是，尽管电池技术正在改进，但电池更换和/或充电的成本、复杂性和停机时间是主要制约因素。该项目旨在开发一种新型的室内集光技术，能够将室内环境光高效地转化为为无线物联网产品供电所需的电能。该拟议项目旨在展示和开发钙钛矿型光伏技术，具有高影响的室内物联网应用所需的效率、一致性和耐用性。在人类生活、工作和聚集的地方，可见光是最普遍的环境能源，但现有的光收集方法--例如晶体和非晶硅光伏电池--不能有效地将典型的室内光转换为电能。例如，最先进的非晶硅电池在典型的室内照明条件下只能提供3.6-7%的效率。为了支持新的物联网产品，需要一种在一系列室内照明条件下效率高于30%的光伏材料，以释放电池可能不容易提供的传感器和通信可用的新水平的电力。该项目将展示制造高效钙钛矿光伏所需的电池设计、薄膜沉积和加工技术，并将钙钛矿光伏从大学实验室大小扩展到商业物联网产品大小。

The broader impact/commercial potential of this Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) Phase I project is the enabling the expansion of the Internet of Things (IoT) through new functions and applications requiring greater wires-free power than available by battery. IoT is an ever-widening array of everyday objects interconnected via the Internet and transforming the way we live and work. "Smart devices" inter-networking in homes, businesses, vehicles, public spaces and elsewhere are an essential driver of the big data revolution, enabling innumerable societal benefits such as improved efficiencies, assure safety, and increase productivity. The growth of IoT devices has been enabled by the miniaturization, modularization, and cost reduction of common chipsets as well as increased intelligence in low-power consumption. IoT products that utilize existing wired power - e.g. smart lights, TVs, speakers, thermostats, security cameras, personal digital assistants, etc. - have dominated the market. Increasingly, however, stand-alone battery-powered IoT devices are gaining traction; but while battery technology is improving, the cost, complexity and downtime of battery replacement and/or recharging are major constraints. This project aims to develop a new type of indoor light harvesting technology capable of efficiently converting ambient indoor light into the electrical energy needed to power wire-free IoT products. The proposed project aims to demonstrate and develop perovskite PV technology with the efficiency, uniformity, and durability needed for high-impact indoor IoT applications. Visible light is the most ubiquitous ambient power source available in places where humans live, work and gather, but existing light harvesting methods - e.g. crystalline and amorphous silicon PV cells - do not efficiently convert typical indoor light to electricity. For example, state-of-the-art amorphous silicon cells give only 3.6-7% efficiency under typical indoor lighting conditions. In order to enable new IoT products, a photovoltaic material that operates above 30% efficiency under a range of indoor lighting conditions is needed to unlock new levels of power available for sensors and communications that batteries may not easily supply. This project will demonstrate cell designs, film deposition and processing techniques needed to fabricate high-efficiency perovskite PV and to scale perovskite PV from university laboratory sizes to commercial IoT product sizes.