Doctoral Dissertation Research: Genetic impacts of European colonization on ancient and modern Native American populations

如果不了解欧洲殖民化的遗传影响，包括这些影响对土著男子和妇女的影响是否不同，就无法充分了解第一民族的人口历史。在这个博士论文项目中，学生co-PI将通过比较当代社区成员的DNA多样性与考古遗址的祖先来研究第一民族的人口。使用现代和古代样本的母亲（线粒体）和父亲（Y染色体）DNA将提供有关欧洲殖民化前后遗传多样性和结构的信息，并确定男性和女性的不同影响。该项目将支持研究生培训和辅导，包括作为SING（土著人民基因组学暑期实习）讲习班基因组实验室部分助教的经验，在该讲习班上，土著人民学习如何使用基因组学作为一种工具，并形成一个土著科学家网络。该项目采用基于社区的方法，与土著社区合作完成研究，从而获得更准确的信息，并提高学术水平。研究人员推测了欧洲殖民化的人口影响，美洲原住民接触前的人口遗传结构，欧洲混合物的数量以及美洲原住民接触前的估计数量。很难量化这些人口变化，因为没有大量古代个体及其后代的公开数据集。在这个项目中，线粒体和Y染色体DNA数据将与现有的考古信息和记录的口述历史相结合，以推断欧洲殖民对古代鲁珀特王子港（PRH）人口和现代后代中的男性和女性的影响。研究人员假设，由于活动模式和混合的差异，欧洲殖民化对男性的影响将大于女性。 由于公屋居民的样本量庞大，加上他们长期连续居住在沿岸地区，为其他研究人员提供了一个独特的数据集，作为比较数据。这项奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

The population history of First Nations people cannot be fully understood without knowing the genetic effects of European colonization, including whether these effects differed for indigenous men versus women. In this doctoral dissertation project, the student co-PI will study a population of First Nations people through time by comparing DNA diversity of contemporary community members to those of their ancestors from archaeological sites. Using both maternal (mitochondrial) and paternal (Y-chromosome) DNA for modern and ancient samples will provide information on the genetic diversity and structure before and after European colonization and identify effects that differed for males and females. This project will support graduate student training and mentoring, including experience as teaching assistants for the genomic lab portion of the SING (Summer internship for INdigenous peoples in Genomics) workshop where indigenous peoples learn how to use genomics as a tool and form a network of indigenous scientists. Using a community based approach, this project completes research in a collaborative way with indigenous communities, resulting in more accurate information and enhanced scholarship. Researchers have speculated about the demographic effects of European colonization, the population genetic structure of Native Americans pre-contact, the amount of European admixture and the estimates of the number of indigenous Americans present pre-contact. It has been difficult to quantify these demographic changes because there are no published datasets with large numbers of ancient individuals and their descendants. In this project, mitochondrial and Y-chromosome DNA data will be combined with existing archaeological information and documented oral histories to infer the effects of European Colonization on males and females in the ancient Prince Rupert Harbour (PRH) population and modern descendants. The researchers hypothesize that the effects of European colonization will be greater for men than women because of differences in activity patterns and admixture. The large sample size present in the PRH population, in addition to the long-term continual habitation in the coastal area, provides a unique dataset to use as comparative data for other researchers.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.