IOS Proposal: RUI: Exploring range limits in the fiddler crab Uca pugnax using the Dynamic Energy Budget approach

海洋潮间带无脊椎动物每天都要经历淹没和暴露的循环。随着地球变暖，海水和空气温度的升高将影响这些边缘居民的健康。本研究采用动态能量收支模型（Dynamic Energy Budget， DEB）研究了食物供应、空气和水中体温对泥招潮蟹（Uca pugnax）能量收支的影响，泥招潮蟹是一种丰富而有影响力的生态系统工程师。2014年，泥招潮蟹首次出现在新罕布什尔州的盐沼中，在其之前的北部活动范围以北80公里处，预计随着北大西洋变暖，它将继续向北扩散。该物种将对其入侵的生态系统产生巨大影响，因为它形成密集的群落，通常超过100只/平方米，是一个强烈的生物扰动者和水生猎物的综合消费者。将开发一个模型来预测泥招潮蟹在不同食物和体温条件下所做的能量权衡，从而影响其生存和繁殖的地方。该模型将有助于预测不同变暖情景下泥招潮蟹和其他潮间带物种的未来种类范围。在本研究的第一年，将在现有的物种范围内进行实地和实验室调查，以确定标准的DEB预算参数，包括形状系数、空气和水中的Arrhenias温度、摄入和同化率、维护成本、能量储备、结构能量含量和生长成本。该模型将被修改为双峰呼吸，这是生活在海陆界面的数千种物种以及一些淡水物种（如肺鱼和两栖动物）共有的特征。此外，将为模型开发一个温度调节校正因子，以探索在非常炎热的日子里，螃蟹退回洞穴以避免过热而中断进食所造成的能量成本。在第二年和第三年，DEB模型将被开发、测试并应用于不同环境条件下的能量限制和权衡以及双峰呼吸对热耐受性的影响。这项资助将用于资助学年和夏季的研究机会，以及每年为6-8名本科生提供数学生物学培训，这些本科生来自芒特霍利奥克学院，这是一所主要为女性服务的本科院校。该奖项反映了美国国家科学基金会的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

Marine intertidal invertebrates contend with daily cycles of submergence and exposure. As the planet warms, increases in both sea water and air temperature will impact the fitness of these fringe dwellers. This investigation uses Dynamic Energy Budget (DEB) modelling to investigate the impact of food availability and body temperature in both air and water on the energy budget of the mud fiddler crab, Uca pugnax, an abundant and impactful ecosystem engineer. In 2014 mud fiddler crabs appeared for the first time in the salt marshes of New Hampshire, 80 km north of its previous northern range limit, and it is expected to continue to spread north as the north Atlantic warms. This species will have a large impact on the ecosystems it invades because it forms dense colonies that often exceed 100 individuals/m2 and is an intense bioturbator and generalist consumer of infaunal prey. A model will be developed to predict the energetic trade-offs made by mud fiddler crabs under different food and body temperature conditions, which in turn impacts where it can survive and reproduce. This model will be useful for predicting future species ranges for mud fiddler crabs and other intertidal species under different warming scenarios.In the first year of this study, field and laboratory investigations will be conducted across the current species range to determine standard DEB budget parameters, including the shape coefficient, Arrhenias temperatures in air and water, ingestion and assimilation rates, maintenance costs, energy reserves, structural energy content, and the costs of growth. The model will be modified for bimodal breathing, a trait shared by thousands of species living at the sea-land interface, as well as some freshwater species, like lungfish and amphibians. Furthermore, a thermoregulatory correction factor will be developed for the model to explore the energetic costs caused by interruptions in feeding on very hot days when crabs retreat to burrows to avoid overheating. In the second and third years, the DEB model will be developed, tested and applied to questions about energetic constraints and tradeoffs under different environmental conditions and the implications of bimodal breathing for thermal tolerance. This grant will fund academic year and summer research opportunities, as well as, training in mathematical biology for 6-8 undergraduates for each year of the grant from Mount Holyoke College, a primarily undergraduate institution serving women.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.