Prenatal Air Pollution Exposures and Early Childhood Outcomes

这项研究调查了空气污染暴露对出生结果和早期儿童发育结果的影响，并注意了风险方面的性别和社会经济差异，以及家庭资源和过程可能加剧或补偿的影响。产前和幼儿期是生命中极其脆弱的阶段，但早期严重的空气污染对儿童发展的影响，以及它们如何受到社会和经济环境的影响，人们知之甚少。数据来自出生证明、医院记录和在高空气污染背景下的预期出生队列调查。这些发现将为了解与婴儿和儿童空气污染暴露相关的日益严重的全球公共卫生挑战提供洞察力。此外，关于不同性别和社会经济群体暴露的不同风险和影响，以及关于回避行为和补偿性投资的有效性的调查结果，可以使政策制定者和临床医生了解干预措施的设计和目标，从而有助于社会的普遍福祉。这项研究调查了在空气污染水平较高但空间可变的地区，产前空气污染暴露对出生结果和多个儿童早期发展维度的风险，包括身体、认知、语言、自我调节以及社会和情感领域。该项目有四个目标：1：编制关于空气污染以及出生和儿童早期结局的三个互补数据集。2：估计空气污染暴露与出生结局之间的关系。3：利用出生证明数据和抽样调查数据，按性别和社会经济地位调查环境暴露的脆弱性和影响方面的潜在差异。4：使用抽样调查数据，在父母对儿童的投资和回避行为的更大框架内，评估空气质量对儿童早期人力资本发展的影响。该项目将a)出生证数据库和医院记录的行政数据，b)结合监测观测、遥感卫星图像、土地利用变量和气象学的数据融合方法得出的污染暴露估计值，以及c)早期健康和发展结果的预期抽样调查。分析估计了空气质量对儿童的影响？S在父母对儿童的投资的更大框架内估计了人力资本。这项研究考虑了空气污染暴露的累积风险、非线性和阈值效应，并建立了与其他风险和保护因素的相互作用模型，重点关注与儿童性别、社会经济地位和育儿方式相关的社会学因素。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力优势和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

This study investigates impacts of air pollution exposure on birth outcomes and early child development outcomes, with attention to gender and socioeconomic disparities in risk as well as potential exacerbating or compensating impacts of family resources and processes. The prenatal and early childhood periods are extremely vulnerable phases of life, but the implications of early, high levels of air pollution for children's development, and how they are affected by social and economic context, are poorly understood. Data come from birth certificates, hospital records, and a prospective birth cohort survey in a high air pollution context. Findings will offer insights into the rising global public health challenges associated with air pollution exposures among infants and children. Further, findings regarding the differential risks and impacts of exposure across gender and socioeconomic groups, and about effectiveness of avoidance behaviors and compensatory investments, can inform policymakers and clinicians about the design and targeting of interventions and thereby contribute to the general well-being of society. This study investigates risks associated with prenatal air pollution exposure for birth outcomes and multiple early child development dimensions, including physical, cognitive, language, self-regulation, and social and emotional domains, in a region with high but spatially variable air pollution levels. The project has four objectives: 1: Produce three complementary datasets on air pollution and birth and early childhood outcomes. 2: Estimate associations between air pollution exposures and birth outcomes. 3: Investigate potential differences in vulnerability to and impact of environmental exposure by gender and socioeconomic status using birth certificate data and sample survey data. 4: Estimate impacts of air quality on children's early human capital development within a larger framework of parental investments in children and avoidance behaviors, using sample survey data. The project links a) administrative data from birth certificate databases and hospital records, b) pollution exposure estimates derived from data-fusion methods combining monitoring observations, remotely-sensed satellite imagery, land-use variables, and meteorology, and c) a prospective sample survey of early health and development outcomes. Analyses estimate impacts of air quality on children?s human capital within a larger framework of parental investments in children. The study considers cumulative risks, nonlinearities, and threshold effects of air pollution exposures, and models interactions with other risk and protective factors with a focus on sociological factors related to child gender and socioeconomic status and parenting styles.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.