The middle Latène wooden bridge and settlement near Kirchhain-Niederwald (Hessen) and their place in the settlement landscape of the Amöneburger Basin: Interdisciplinary research into environmental conditions, economic basis and supra-regional connections

在Kirchhain-Niederwald附近独特的Latène中期桩桥附近发现的地点是研究桥梁结构以及黑森高地Latène中期的沉降结构、环境条件、经济基础和超区域联系的起点，人们对此知之甚少。由于跨学科方法的应用，可以取得重要成果。-有可能详细重建这座桥。不同类型的桩结构被使用，这表明它们适应了河床的不同特征。-在考古评估期间，有可能证明，由于对当地条件变化的直接反应，过河有几个阶段。-地貌分析促进了铁器时代河道的重建和地形起伏。-花粉分析第一次提供了有关公元前一千年期间阿莫内堡盆地植被和土地利用的信息。-对动物排泄物的分析提供了对农场动物营养的第一次洞察，并为铁器时代欧洲早期的田园农业提供了证据。-在高地地区，从湿润土壤中的特征对植物宏观遗骸的分析第一次能够有助于农业和植物用途的研究。-聚落分析使阿莫内堡盆地超过三分之一的铁器时代发现点得到了更好的年代测定，从而获得了更精细的聚落发展图景。-利用地理信息系统对潜在的通信线路进行建模，在现有的旧线路重建工作中增加了一些线路，这些线路与定居点的情况十分吻合。虽然对植被和景观发展的科学分析包括乌恩菲尔德时期的结果，但只能为随后的时期提供人为干预的证据。在发现点附近的定居活动始于哈尔斯塔特时期，一直持续到拉泰纳中期结束。因此，在分析过程中，产生了一组极其广泛的数据和结果，超出了拉泰纳中期的重点。我们想用考古学和科学的方法来评估这个数据集，以便清楚地看到公元前一千年内聚落和景观格局的发展。在景观发展历史的背景下，阿莫内堡盆地的定居点模式和可能的路线之间的关系将以更大的时间深度进行审查，并以定居点模式和通信路线地图的形式可视化。我们想在植被和土地利用图中介绍大桥遗址周围的结果。

The find spots in the vicinity of the unique Middle Latène-period pile bridge near Kirchhain-Niederwald were the starting point for research on the bridge structure as well as settlement structure, environmental conditions, the economic basis and supra-regional contacts in the Middle Latène period in the Hessian highlands, about which little was known. Thanks to the application of interdisciplinary methods important results could be obtained. - It was possible to reconstruct the bridge in detail. Different types of pile construction were used, suggesting that they were adapted to the varying character of the river bed. - During the archaeological evaluation it was possible to prove that the river crossing had several phases as a result of direct reaction to changing local conditions. - Geomorphological analysis facilitated the reconstruction of the Iron Age river course and the topographical relief. - For the first time pollen analyses provide information on vegetation and land use in the Amoeneburg Basin during the last millennium BC. - The analysis of animal excrement provided first insights into the nutrition of farm animals and evidence for an early pastoral farming in Iron Age Europe. - For the first time in the area of the highlands could the analysis of botanical macro-remains from features in wet soils contribute to research on agriculture and plant use. - Settlement analysis resulted in better dating of more than one third of all Iron Age findspots in the Amoeneburg Basin, and thus to a finer-grained picture of settlement development. - GIS-based modelling of potential lines of communication added a number of routes to the existing reconstruction of old routes that fit in well with the settlement picture. While the scientific analysis of the development of vegetation and landscape include results for the Urnfield period, evidence for anthropogene interventions can only be provided for the following period. Settlement activity in the vicinity of the findspot started during the Hallstatt period, and continued until the end of the Middle Latène period. As a result, during the analysis an extremely extensive set of data and results was produced that goes beyond the focus of the Middle Latène period. We would like to use archaeological and scientific methods to evaluate this dataset in order to render visible the development of the pattern of settlement and landscape within the last millennium BC. Against the background of the history of the development of the landscape, the relationships between settlement patterns and potential routes in the Amoeneburg Basin will be examined in greater chronological depth and visualised in the form of maps of settlement patterns and communication routes. We would like to present the results from the environs of the site of the bridge in vegetation and land use maps.