Control of Reconfigurable Battery Energy Storage Systems

可充电电池系统是电气化交通、智能电网、可再生能源和绿色建筑等多项技术的关键推动因素。这些系统越来越被认为是推动世界进入可持续能源时代的驱动力。尽管它们的存在不断增加，但这些系统的性能和安全从根本上受到电池内部连接方式的限制。通常，这些细胞是硬连线的。因此，没有灵活性来克服由单个电池中的缺陷引起的电池故障，无论是在制造过程中还是由于电池的故障。这导致了人们对可重构电池系统的更大兴趣，这种系统使用电池之间的快速可重构连接来克服这些问题。虽然电力电子体系结构和电路设计快速增长，但控制这些设备的管理算法并没有同步改进。该项目旨在开发一种新的控制范例，通过它可以同时实现系统的输入控制和连接拓扑调整。如果这项研究成功，将显著改进可重构电池系统，并加快它们在不同行业的使用。研究整合教育计划将通过课程改进、社区推广和研究指导来吸引K-12、本科生和研究生。PI通过这个项目与业界合作，将产生实用的算法和工具。由于电池系统是所有行业使用的关键设备和设备的核心，因此这项研究不仅将促进电池技术的科学进步，而且有助于提高用于国家健康、繁荣和国防的技术。该项目的科学重点是从网络的角度开发一个基本的数学框架，以实现可重构电池系统的同时控制和拓扑重构，并构建一套最大限度地利用可重构能力的控制算法。这项研究具体包括：1)创建可重构电池系统的代数图论建模方法；2)合成预测控制框架，该框架可以优化控制输入并重新配置系统范围内的连接；以及3)将该框架应用于关键的电池管理任务，包括最优充放电、热管理和电池平衡。这些模型和算法将通过严格的理论分析、模拟和实验进行原则性评估。这一奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力优势和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

Rechargeable battery systems represent a key enabler for several technologies such as electrified transportation, smart grid, renewables, and green buildings. These systems are increasingly recognized as a driver for moving the world forward into a sustainable energy era. Despite their ever-growing presence, the performance and safety of these systems are fundamentally constrained by how the battery cells are connected inside. Typically, these cells are hardwired. As a result, there is no flexibility to overcome battery failures caused by defects in individual cells, whether created during manufacturing or through malfunction of a cell. This has led to greater interest in reconfigurable battery systems, which use rapid reconfigurable connections between cells to overcome these problems. While there is rapid growth of power electronics architecture and circuit design, the management algorithms to control these devices are not improving at the same pace. This project aims to develop a new control paradigm, through which the system's input control and connection topology adjustment are achieved concurrently. This research, if successful, will significantly improve the reconfigurable battery systems and accelerate their use across diverse sectors. The research-integrated education program will engage K-12, undergraduate, and graduate students through curriculum enhancement, community outreach, and research mentorship. The PI's collaboration with the industry through this project will lead to practical algorithms and tools. As battery systems are central to key devices and equipment used in all sectors this research will not only promote the progress of science in battery technology but help improve technologies used in national health, prosperity, and national defense. The scientific focus of this project is to develop a foundational mathematical framework for enabling simultaneous control and topology reconfiguration for reconfigurable battery systems from a network perspective and build a set of control algorithms that take the best advantage of reconfigurability. This research specifically includes: 1) creation of an algebraic graph-theoretic modeling methodology for reconfigurable battery systems, 2) synthesis of a predictive control framework that can optimize control input and reconfigure system-wide connections, and 3) application of the framework to key battery management tasks including optimal charging/discharging, thermal management and cell balancing. The models and algorithms will be subjected to principled evaluation through rigorous theoretical analysis, simulations and experiments.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.