Career Dynamics: A Longitudinal Analysis of US Firms and Households

这项拟议的研究将使用大量和丰富的数据集来研究在工作周期中扩大的性别收入(差距)的来源。它将聚焦于已婚夫妇，探索灵活和更低工作时间的成本，地理变动对夫妇中一人比另一人更有利的作用，以及在薪酬较低的公司工作与公司内部工资增长较低对女性的相对影响，以解释这种差距。尽管在教育和工作场所取得了进步，但女性的收入仍然低于男性，即使根据教育、工作时间和经验进行了调整。根据美国劳工统计局的数据，全职员工的性别收入差距约为20%。然而，差距并不是一个单一的数字。相反，这是一个在一生中不断变化的统计数据。在教育结束后，女性相对于可比男性的收入差距很小。然而，随着家庭的形成，这一差距大大扩大，尤其是在受教育程度最高的人群中。缩小或消除性别收入差距最近已成为一个至关重要的政策问题。这一研究结果将提高劳动力市场的效率，从而刺激经济增长，并导致性别公平。这项拟议的研究将构建并使用一个庞大而非凡的数据集来探索性别收入差距(The Gap)的复杂动态。这项研究将通过跟踪夫妇、不同时间和关键事件(如婚姻和生育)，拓宽和加深我们对不断扩大的性别收入差距的理解。这项研究将使用与美国人口普查、CPS和ACS调查数据相关联的纵向雇主-家庭动态(LEHD)数据集。Lehd提供按公司划分的个人员工收入的纵向信息。与人口普查数据的联系将提供有关雇员以及每一配偶的就业和工作场所的进一步信息。PI还将能够对婚姻、出生、家庭居住和就业变动等变化后的收入和就业反应进行事件研究。扩大后的Lehd数据平台将使人们有可能估计被绑住的人和被绑住的人效应的影响，进行各种类型的事件研究，并将公司与其声明的家庭友好型政策联系起来。利德-人口普查数据使分析重要的生活事件成为可能，并将结果与现有的公司级政策联系起来，这些政策与缩小收入和就业差距的政策相关。这一奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力优势和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

This proposed research will use a large and rich data set to study the sources of the gender earnings (the gap) that widens over the work cycle. It will focus on married couples to explore the costs of flexible and lower-hour jobs, the role of geographic moves that favor one member of the couple over the other, and the relative impact on women of working for lesser-paying firms versus lower wage growth within firms to explain the gap. Despite progress in education and the workplace, women still earn less than men, even when adjusted for education, hours of work, and experience. The Bureau of Labor Statistics' gender earnings gap in the US is around 20 percent for full-time workers. The gap, however, is not a single number. Rather, it is a shifting statistic across lifetimes. The earnings gap for women relative to comparable men is small directly after education is completed. However, the gap widens substantially with family formation, particularly among the most educated. Reducing or eliminating the gender earnings gap has surfaced recently as an issue of vital policy importance. The results of this research will improve the efficiency of the labor market, hence spur economic growth as well as lead to gender equity. The proposed research will construct, and use a large and extraordinary dataset to explore the complicated dynamics of the gender earnings gap (the gap). The research will broaden and deepen our understanding of the widening gender earnings gap by following couples, across time and around critical events, such as marriage and births. The research will use the Longitudinal Employer-Household Dynamics (LEHD) dataset linked to the US Census, CPS, and ACS survey data. The LEHD gives longitudinal information on individual employee earnings by firm. The linkages to census data will provide further information on the employees and the employment and workplaces of each spouse. The PIs will also be able to perform event studies of earnings and employment responses following changes such as marriage, birth, and household residence and employment moves. The expanded LEHD data platform will make it possible to estimate the impact of tied-stayer, tied-mover effects, do various types of event studies, and link firms to their stated family-friendly policies. The LEHD-Census data makes it possible to analyze important life events and connect the results to existing firm-level policies that are relevant for policies to close the gaps in earnings and employment.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.