OPERATION OF the NSF Center for High Energy X-ray Science (NSF-CHEXS)

该奖项支持康奈尔高能同步加速器源（CHESS）的高能x射线科学中心（CHEXS）作为国家用户设施的运作。CHEXS由四组高能x射线束线组成，为特定目标研究领域的国家用户社区提供服务。每个光束线无缝集成了样品/标本制备，数据收集和数据处理，并针对领域科学家而不是专家x射线用户进行了优化操作。教育和培训正在被整合到该设施的各个方面，解决对x射线经验不足的研究人员的教育和培训问题，以及对来自科学、技术、工程和数学（STEM）领域代表性不足群体（URGs）的本科生的教育问题。来自生物科学理事会、数学和物理科学理事会以及工程理事会的NSF资金支持以下四个特定的光束线：成形和成形技术、FAST、光束线，支持亚毫秒时间分辨率的制造过程研究，如激光焊接和快速淬火。丰富的数据集获得严格的基准转换新模型启用先进的计算工具；-高压生物学，Hp-Bio，光束线：“Hp-Bio”光束线的复杂新样本细胞可以在分子水平上对生命规则进行精确的高压结构研究，这是目前生物学家无法实现的。-量子材料的q映射（QM2）束线提供了互反空间（也称为“q空间”）中量子材料的高通量表征，以揭示自旋，电荷和轨道的纠缠量子相关性，从高温到低温，跨越整个相图。-光子进、光子出x射线光谱学（PIPOXS）束线能够使用硬x射线对功能材料中的价电子态进行光谱研究，允许访问不透明材料或样品环境。人工催化剂和酶的原位和操作研究是最初的重点，在燃料电池、电池和量子材料中的电子激发方面有额外的应用。CHEXS还致力于开发x射线技术，以实现CHEXS的科学目标，包括新型高能波动器插入装置，金刚石高热负荷光学器件，以及通过定制的玻璃毛细管光学或通道阵列进行聚焦分析。CHEXS支持博士后和博士研究生，举办实践科学研讨会来培训x射线方法的新用户，针对STEM领域中代表性不足的群体的本科生提供暑期培训和指导计划，并向公众提供高质量的信息材料。该奖项反映了美国国家科学基金会的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

This award supports the operation of the Center for High Energy X-ray Science (CHEXS) at the Cornell High Energy Synchrotron Source (CHESS) as a national user facility. CHEXS consists of a suite of four high-energy X-ray beamlines that serve the national user community in specifically targeted research areas. Each beamline seamlessly integrates sample/specimen preparation, data collection, and data processing, and is optimized for operation by domain scientists rather than by expert X-ray users. Education and training is being integrated into all aspects of the facility, addressing the education and training of researchers having little prior experience with X-rays and the education of undergraduate students from Under Represented Groups (URGs) in Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM). NSF funds from the Directorates for Biological Sciences, the Directorate for Mathematical and Physical Sciences, and the Directorate for Engineering support the following four specific beamlines: - Forming and Shaping Technology, FAST, Beamline which supports sub-millisecond time-resolved studies of manufacturing processes such as laser welding and rapid quenching. The rich datasets obtained rigorously benchmarks transformational new models enabled by advanced computational tools; - the High-Pressure Biology,Hp-Bio, Beamline: the sophisticated new sample cells of the "HP-Bio" beamline enables precise high-pressure structural studies of the rules of life at the molecular level, a regime not currently accessible to biologists.- Q-Mapping for Quantum Materials (QM2) Beamline provides high-throughput characterization of quantum materials in reciprocal space (also known as "Q-space") to uncover intertwined quantum correlations of spins, charges, and orbitals, from high to low temperatures and spanning entire phase diagrams.- Photon-in, Photon-out X-ray Spectroscopy (PIPOXS) Beamline enables spectroscopic studies of valence electronic states in functional - materials using hard x-rays, allowing access to opaque materials or sample environments. In situ and operando studies of man-made catalysts and enzymes is the initial focus with additional applications to fuel-cells, batteries, and electronic excitations in quantum materials.CHEXS is also engaged in development of X-ray technologies targeted to achieve CHEXS science goals, including new high-energy undulator insertion devices, diamond high-heat load optics, and focusing for analysis by custom-fabricated glass capillary optics or channel arrays. CHEXS supports post-docs and Ph.D. students, hosts hands-on scientific workshops to train new users in X-ray methods, provides summer training and mentorship programs targeting undergraduates from underrepresented groups in STEM fields, and provides high quality informational materials to the general public.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.