Workshop: Respiration Regimes in River Networks: A cross-biome perspective; September, 2018; Valais, Switzerland

本次研讨会旨在了解有机物质的分解（异养呼吸）如何以及为什么在溪流中随时间而变化，以及在世界不同地区不同大小的溪流和河流中这种时间是如何以及为什么不同的。最近廉价的氧传感器的发展已经允许广泛收集多年连续的氧浓度记录，这可以用来精确地测量呼吸的时间。有机物可以由藻类和其他水生植物在溪流中产生，也可以由陆生植物产生，然后以落叶、被侵蚀的土壤颗粒或溶解在从山坡流向河道的水中的形式进入溪流和河流。这些有机物质来源支持食物链中较高位置的动物（如昆虫和鱼类）的生长，并为去除污染物的微生物提供能量。溪流中光合作用和呼吸作用的平衡也影响二氧化碳等温室气体的产生。因为有机物质可以以许多不同的方式进入河流，因为不同种类的有机物质以不同的速度分解，所以向河流提供能量的时间也可能因河流而异，并对环境变化的许多不同方面作出反应。该奖项将通过支持来自不同职业阶段、地区和背景的美国科学家参与讨论环境数据科学前沿主题的国际会议，来加强和扩大科学队伍；将加强美国和国际科学家之间的现有联系，并建立新的联系；并将增加新开发的在线门户网站（StreamPULSE; data.streampulse.org）的使用，用于存储、共享和分析河流光合作用和呼吸数据，以举办一个国际研讨会，以开发和测试有关有机物供应时间与其分解时间之间联系的想法，以及环境变化如何改变这些模式。这次会议的目的是同时推进对溪流和河流呼吸和异养的概念和技术理解。首先，本次会议将产生一个水生异养的概念模型，该模型将有机物输入的形式、机制和时间与呼吸的时间模式联系起来，并借鉴世界各地不同地点对有机物和呼吸动力学的深入研究。其次，本次会议将评估统计方法，以改进从氧气和其他变量（包括二氧化碳）的连续时间序列中对呼吸动力学的估计和解释。最后，我们将整合这些技术和概念上的进步，通过经验将呼吸动力学与森林溪流中有机物供应的遥感估计联系起来。该奖项反映了美国国家科学基金会的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

This workshop aims to understand how and why the breakdown of organic material (heterotrophic respiration) varies over time in streams, and how and why this timing differs among streams and rivers of different sizes and in different parts of the world. Recent development of inexpensive oxygen sensors have allowed the widespread collection of multi-year continuous records of oxygen concentration, which can be used to precisely measure the timing of respiration. Organic matter may be produced in the stream by algae and other aquatic plants, or may be produced by terrestrial plants, and later be delivered to streams and rivers as falling leaves, as eroded particles of soil, or dissolved in water that flows from hillslopes to channels. These organic matter sources support the growth of animals higher in the food chain, such as insects and fish, and also provide energy for microorganisms that remove pollutants. The balance of photosynthesis and respiration in streams also influences the production of greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide. Because organic matter can enter streams in many different ways, and because different kinds of organic matter break down at different rates, the timing of energy supply to streams also is likely to differ among streams, and to respond to many different aspects of environmental change. This award will support strengthen and broaden the scientific workforce by supporting participation of US scientists from different career stages, regions, and backgrounds in an international conference that addresses topics at the leading edge of environmental data science; will strengthen existing connections between US and international scientists and establish new ones; and will increase the use of a newly-developed online portal (StreamPULSE; data.streampulse.org) for storage, sharing, and analysis of stream photosynthesis and respiration data to an international workshop to develop and test ideas about the connections between the timing of organic matter supply and the timing of its decomposition, and how environmental change may alter these patterns.The aim of this conference is to simultaneously advance the conceptual and technical understanding of respiration and heterotrophy in streams and rivers. First, this conference will produce a conceptual model of aquatic heterotrophy that links forms, mechanisms, and timing of organic matter input to temporal patterns in respiration, drawing on case studies from intensive study of organic matter and respiration dynamics at diverse sites around the world. Second, this conference will evaluate statistical methods to improve the estimation and interpretation of respiration dynamics from continuous time series of oxygen and other variables including carbon dioxide. Finally, we will integrate these technical and conceptual advances by empirically linking the dynamics of respiration to remotely-sensed estimates of organic matter supply in forested streams.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.