Doctoral Dissertation Research: Understanding Public Attitudes About Citizen Security

为了应对公共安全的挑战，各国选择了两种不同的方法：警务民主化或军事化。在民主化方面，一些国家采取措施让公民共同参与安全事务，目的是使公民更接近警察部队。然而，其他州选择了军事化他们的安全保障，将公民与警察隔离得更远。在过去的30年里，军事化比民主化更容易，因为在一些国家，公民对军队的信任超过对警察的信任，即使是在发生军事政变的国家。这项研究探讨了将公民与提供安全的人分开是否也会使公民与国家的其他部分保持距离。公民安全民主化或军事化的决定会影响公民对国家机构的想法和行为，影响公民与国家的联系。重要的是，政治家谈论公民安全的方式会影响到警务决策的不同方式，以及公民如何对此做出决定。因此，本研究具有更广泛的影响力，表明从言论到决策再到实施，政治家处理警务的方式最终将塑造公民对政治参与的投资。这项研究将有助于政治学中的几个辩论。首先，它通过研究政治家关于安全保障的决定和言论如何直接影响公民与国家之间的联系，直接谈到了关于警务的新兴文献。这项研究认为，上述影响反映在公民对民主和军事化安全的态度以及他们对安全共同生产的参与。其次，它有助于文献上的国家能力和治理，更好地理论化之间的联系，在安全决策，机构能力，公民的态度和行为的偏好。第三，它从公民的角度对军事化安全采取了一种新的做法，并侧重于对执法军事化或民主化的态度如何变化，从而增加了关于执法军事化的文献。最后，它通过测试实现安全合作是否依赖于其他类型的政治参与，增加了关于政治参与的文献。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

To face the challenge of public safety provision, states have opted for two different approaches: democratization of policing or militarization. When it comes to democratization, some states have employed measures to involve citizens in co-participation in matters of security, with the objective of bringing citizens closer to police forces. Other states, however, have opted for militarizing their provision of security, separating citizens even farther from the police. In these last 30 years, militarization has been easier than democratization because in some countries, citizens trust the military more than they do the police, even in countries where military dictatorships took place. This study examines whether separating citizens from those who provide their security also distances citizens from other parts of the state. The decision to either democratize or militarize citizen security affects what citizens think about and do in relation to state institutions, impacting citizen-state linkage. Importantly, the way politicians speak about citizen security affects the different ways decisions of policing are taken and how citizens also make their minds about it. Thus, this study has a broader impact in showing how, from rhetoric to decision-making to implementation, the way politicians approach policing will ultimately forge citizens' investment in political participation. This study will contribute to several debates in political science. First, it directly speaks to the burgeoning literature on policing by examining how politicians' decisions and rhetoric on security provision directly impact the linkage between citizens and the state. This study argues that said impact is reflected in citizen attitudes towards democratic and militarized security as well as their participation in security co-production. Second, it contributes to the literature on state capacity and governance by better theorizing the connection between preferences in security decision-making, institutional capacity, and citizen attitudes and behavior. Third, it adds to the literature on militarizing law enforcement by taking a novel approach to militarized security from the citizens' perspective and focusing on how attitudes towards militarizing or democratizing law enforcement change. Lastly, it adds to the literature on political participation by testing whether achieving security co-production relies on other types of political participation.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.