IRES: TRACK 1: RUI: COLLABORATIVE RESEARCH: THE PERMO-TRIASSIC CHOIYOI SILICIC LARGE IGNEOUS PROVINCE: REGIONAL VOLCANIC FRAMEWORK AND POTENTIAL IMPACT ON GLOBAL CLIMATE

火山活动在全球气候变化和生物大灭绝事件中的作用是地质学和生物学中有争议的话题。 玄武岩大火成岩省与晚泥盆世（~364 Ma）、中二叠世（~ 259 Ma）、晚二叠世（~ 248 Ma）和晚三叠世（~206 Ma）的生物大灭绝事件之间存在明显的时间联系。 这些大型火山活动被怀疑会导致全球变暖和海洋缺氧，因为温室气体排放量很高。相反，大规模的火成岩省和由此产生的酸雨，臭氧消耗，硫酸盐气溶胶和海洋铁肥化在大规模灭绝事件中的作用尚未得到评估。 智利的Permo-Triassic Choiyoi群是一个主要的高纬度大型火成岩省，其走向长度为2000 km，体积相当于125个黄石火山口同时喷发。 Choiyoi岩浆活动与几个主要的早二叠世气候事件，包括奥尔森？的灭绝事件（~272 Ma）和Kamura冷却事件（~262 Ma）。 这个国际学生研究经验（IRES）提案提供了一个创新的沉浸式体验，旨在让三批本科生和研究生在三年内参与一个假设驱动的，实地密集的研究项目，调查大火成岩省（SLIPS）和全球气候变化之间的联系。该项目将通过评估火山活动在气候变化中的潜在作用来推动科学发展，促进美国和阿根廷研究团队之间的国际合作，通过对三批研究生和本科生的有意指导来促进教育，并通过纳入STEM领域代表性不足的学生群体来增加地球科学的多样性。 SDSU的地球科学系和UW-Eau Claire的地质学系都致力于扩大地球科学的多样性，并积极招募来自代表性不足的群体的学生进入STEM领域。Choiyoi岩浆活动及其与气候变化的关系的准确重建需要整合地层学，结构学，地质年代学，岩石学，同位素，地球化学，以及岩浆区内几个重点地区的热年代学资料。 将在岩浆区的南部、中部和北方确定三个重点区域，并在项目的三年期间内依次加以处理。 每个重点区域有五个主要重点，包括1）地层/火山相; 2）岩石学，包括矿物化学和流体包裹体分析; 3）U/Pb锆石年代学和Hf分析; 4）主、微量和稀土元素地球化学; 5）构造分析，包括热年代学。中南部的安第斯山脉是一个理想的天然实验室，研究这个系统，由于1）暴露和可访问性; 2）建立地质框架; 3）高素质的导师可用性; 4）访问分析设施在美国和阿根廷;和，5）共同PI在区域地质和学生体验活动的经验。这项调查评估了一个巨大的火成岩复杂和全球气候变化的时空演变之间的潜在关系，并提供了一个理想的机会，让学生在假设驱动的科学研究。该项目涉及三个队列的五（5）名学生进行假设驱动，在中南安第斯山脉的实地密集研究下，一个高素质的团队的指导下美国和阿根廷导师。学生研究人员将在由2-3名学生研究人员和1-2名导师组成的综合团队中进行实地考察，团队的组成定期轮换学生合作者（3名硕士，9 B.Sc.）将参与现场和实验室分析的各个方面，包括地层学研究、火山学、地质年代学、地球化学和同位素分析。亚利桑那州和美国该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

The role of volcanism in global climate change and mass extinction events is a controversial topic in geology and biology. A clear temporal linkage has been established between basaltic large igneous provinces and mass extinction events in the Late Devonian (~364 Ma), Middle Permian (259 Ma), Late Permian (248 Ma) and Late Triassic (~206 Ma). These large volcanic events are suspected to cause global warming and marine anoxia due to high levels of greenhouse gas emissions. Conversely, the role of silicic large igneous provinces and resultant acid rain, ozone depletion, sulphate aerosols and ocean Fe fertilization in mass extinction events has not been assessed. The Permo-Triassic Choiyoi Group of Argentina-Chile is a major high-latitude silicic large igneous province that has a strike length of 2000 km and a volume equivalent to 125 Yellowstone calderas erupting essentially simultaneously. Choiyoi magmatism overlaps with several major early Permian climatic events including Olsen?s extinction (~272 Ma) and the Kamura cooling event (~262 Ma). This International Research Experiences for Students (IRES) proposal offers an innovative immersion experience designed to engage three cohorts of undergraduate and graduate students over three years in a hypothesis-driven, field-intensive research project investigating the linkage between silicic large igneous provinces (SLIPS) and global climatic change. This project will advance science by providing an assessment of the potential role of silicic volcanism in climate change, foster international collaboration between U.S. and Argentinian research teams, promote education through the intentional mentoring of three cohorts of graduate and undergraduate students and increase diversity in the geosciences by inclusion of students from groups underrepresented in STEM fields. Both the Department of Geosciences at SDSU and in the Department of Geology at UW-Eau Claire are committed to expanding diversity within the geosciences and are actively recruiting students from underrepresented groups into STEM fields.An accurate reconstruction of Choiyoi magmatic activity and its relation to climatic change requires an integration of stratigraphic, structural, geochronologic, petrologic, isotopic, geochemical, and thermochronologic data from several focus areas within the magmatic province. Three focus areas will be targeted within the southern, central and northern portions of the magmatic province that will be addressed sequentially over the three year duration of the project. There are five major emphases within each focus area, including 1) stratigraphy/volcanic facies; 2) petrology, including mineral chemistry and fluid inclusion analysis; 3) U/Pb zircon geochronology and Hf analyses; 4) major, trace and REE geochemistry; 5) structural analysis, including thermochronology. The south-central Andes are an ideal natural laboratory to study this system due to 1) exposure and accessibility; 2) established geologic framework; 3) availability of highly-qualified mentors; 4) access to analytical facilities in U.S. and Argentina; and, 5) experience of co-PIs in both regional geology and student experiential activities. This investigation evaluates the potential relationship between the spatial and temporal evolution of a silicic large igneous complex and global climatic change and provides an ideal opportunity to engage students in hypothesis-driven scientific research. This project involve three cohorts of five (5) students conducting hypothesis-driven, field intensive research in the south-central Andes under the mentorship of a highly qualified team of U.S. and Argentinian mentors. Student researchers will conduct fieldwork within integrated teams consisting of 2-3 student researchers and 1-2 mentors, with the composition of the teams rotating on a regular basis Student collaborators (3 M.Sc., 9 B.Sc.) will be involved in all aspects of field and laboratory analyses, including stratigraphic studies, volcanology, geochronology, geochemistry, and isotopic analyses at UW-Eau Claire, SDSU, U. Arizona and U. Colorado-Boulder.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.