RAPID: 2018 Hurricane Season -- Study of Hurricane Florence at Landfall

这一快速项目旨在利用2018年9月13日至14日飓风佛罗伦萨在北卡罗来纳州登陆期间捕获的独特数据集。俄克拉荷马大学C波段SR3智能雷达，以及四个便携式集成降水传感器(PIP)，以及一个在佛罗伦萨之前部署的具有无线电探空能力的移动中间网，在风暴登陆时收集了30多个小时的雷达和PIPS数据以及12个无线电探空仪剖面。SR3雷达与威尔明顿NWS WSR-88D形成了50公里的基线，提供了两个能够执行风速反演的区域。缓慢移动的环流中心穿过两个双多普勒叶，产生了许多涡旋Rossby波(VRW)驱动的内核雨带和沿着缩小的眼壁内缘的许多中涡旋。智力优势：这些数据将用于解决以下科学问题：(I)眼壁中的不对称性多久才能使VRW脱落？(2)似乎有什么机制控制VRW的频率？(Iii)VRW似乎在多大程度上与沿眼壁内缘形成的中涡流有关？(4)眼壁中涡在多大程度上对登陆期间观测到的最大近地面风有贡献？(V)传播的VRW如何调制边界层风、热力学和大气压力？(Vi)观测到的建筑物损伤与风场属性有何关系？仍有许多工作要做，以确保数据的质量，为研究产生高质量的风场，并为验证佛罗伦萨的高分辨率数值模拟提供前所未有的数据集。这笔快速拨款将允许立即处理数据，确保快速发布研究质量的雷达风场和PIP数据，这将使PI和许多其他NSF资助的研究人员能够制定未来的研究战略。广泛的影响：这笔快速拨款将鼓励大学继续支持在登陆飓风中部署智能雷达。佛罗伦萨期间智能雷达部署的数据通过包括联邦应急管理局在内的灾害影响评估计划分发清单，实时分发给国家气象局和应急管理办公室以及联邦气象协调员办公室。实时风速也被发送到NOAA国家飓风中心。此外，智能雷达数据被用于俄克拉荷马大学的研究生和本科教育，并提供给其他大学教师在他们的课堂上使用。最后，这项研究产生的风属性图(WAM)将受到风工程界和模型界的高度重视，因为风场是登陆热带气旋数值模拟的高级验证所必需的，因此它们将评估沿海建筑物受损的原因。该项目将包括与德克萨斯理工大学、佛罗里达大学、奥本大学和伊利诺伊斯大学的教职员工合作。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力优势和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

This RAPID project seeks to take advantage of a unique data set captured during the landfall of Hurricane Florence in North Carolina during 13-14 September 2018. The University of Oklahoma C-band SR3 SMART radar, along with four Portable Integrated Precipitation Sensors (PIPS), and a mobile mesonet with radiosonde capability deployed in advance of Florence and collected more than 30 hours of radar and PIPS data along with twelve radiosonde profiles as the storm came ashore. The SR3 radar formed a 50 km baseline with the Wilmington NWS WSR-88D, providing two areas in which wind retrievals were able to be performed. The slow-moving center of circulation passed through both dual-Doppler lobes and generated numerous vortex Rossby wave (VRW) driven inner core rain bands and numerous mesovortices along the inner edge of the shrinking eyewall.Intellectual Merit:The data will be used to address the following scientific questions: (i) how frequently are asymmetries in the eyewall able to shed VRWs? (ii) what mechanisms appear to control the frequency of VRWs? (iii) to what extent do VRWs appear to be correlated to the formation of mesovortices along the inner edge of the eyewall? (iv) to what extent do eyewall mesovortices contribute to the maximum near-surface wind observed during landfall? (v) how do propagating VRWs modulate the boundary layer winds, thermodynamics, and atmospheric pressure? (vi) how is the observed damage to built structures related to attributes of the wind field?Much effort remains to be performed to quality assure the data and generate high quality wind fields for the research as well as to provide an unprecedented data set for validation of high-resolution numerical simulations of Florence. The RAPID grant would allow immediate processing of the data, ensuring quick publication of the research-quality radar-derived wind fields and PIPs data that would enable future research strategies by the PI and numerous other NSF sponsored researchers.Broader Impacts:This RAPID grant would encourage continued university support for SMART radar deployments in landfalling hurricanes. Data from the SMART radar deployment during Florence were distributed in realtime to the NWS and emergency managers office as well as the Office of Federal Coordinator in Meteorology through the Disaster Impacts Assessment Plan distribution list, which includes FEMA. Real-time winds were also sent to the NOAA National Hurricane Center. Additionally, the SMART radar data are used in graduate and undergraduate education at University of Oklahoma and made available to other university instructors for use in their class. Finally, the wind attribute maps (WAMs) generated from this research will be highly valued by the wind engineering community as they evaluate the causes of damage to structures along the coast and by the modeling community since the wind fields are needed for advanced validation of numerical simulations of landfalling tropical cyclones. The project will embrace collaborations with faculty at Texas Tech University, the University of Florida, Auburn University, and University of Illinois.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.