Doctoral Dissertation Research Improvement Grant: Surveillance and Citizenship for People on Pretrial Release

因为在美国，人们在被证明有罪之前被认为是无辜的，所以最近有很多关于审前程序中的社会偏见的争议。作为回应，目前的重组做法往往包括债券改革，这可以减少审前监禁，但也通常导致其他监视措施的增加，如电子监测、24小时宵禁或随机药物测试。我们对审前阶段的监视做法如何影响获得政治、公民和社会公民身份知之甚少，尽管我们确实知道这些做法是按社会群体分层的。该项目研究审前释放的人如何仍然受到监视，以及为什么某些人比其他人更有可能遭受更严厉的监视。通过更好地了解监控如何影响被告的生活，以及谁受到这种监控的影响更大，该项目将深入了解刑事法律体系是如何在个人被定罪之前将公民身份分层的。此外，该项目的调查结果将为政府关于如何对待尚未受审的被告的政策提供信息。本项目使用两种数据来源：人种学法庭观察和深度访谈。该项目将包括在一个大城市进行六个月的法庭观察，以便了解在审前释放的情况下，哪种类型的案件导致哪种类型的处置和监视。该项目还将对被控重罪但审前释放的人进行60次深入的半结构化采访。这些访谈的数据将揭示审前条件的细节，以及这些条件如何影响被告的经济和社会地位，以及获得政治权利的机会。所有数据将用MaxQDA进行两个周期的编码分析。第一个周期将侧重于开放编码，第二个周期将侧重于理论编码。该项目的研究结果将有助于美国民主背景下监禁、监视和风险以及社会公民身份的社会学理论。该奖项反映了美国国家科学基金会的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

Because people in the United States are thought to be innocent until proven guilty, there has recently been much controversy over social bias in pretrial processes. In response, current restructuring practices often include bond reform, which can result in decreases in pretrial incarceration, but also usually leads to increases in other measures of surveillance, such as electronic monitoring, 24-hour curfews, or random drug tests. We know very little about how surveillance practices during the pretrial stage can impact access to political, civil, and social citizenship, although we do know that these practices are stratified by social group. This project studies how people who are released pretrial still experience methods of surveillance and why certain people are more likely to experience harsher measures of surveillance than others. By better understanding how surveillance influences an accused person's life and who is more acutely impacted by this surveillance, this project will provide insight into how the criminal legal system stratifies citizenship even before an individual is convicted of a crime. Further, findings from this project will inform governmental policy regarding the treatment of accused people who have yet to stand trial. This project use two sources of data: ethnographic courtroom observations and in-depth interviews. The project will include six months of courtroom observations in a large city in order to understand which types of cases result which types of disposition and surveillance in the context of pre-trial release. The project will also conduct 60 in-depth, semi-structured interviews with people accused of felonies but who are on pretrial release. Data from these interviews will reveal details regarding pretrial conditions and how these conditions have influenced respondent economic and social statuses, as well as access to political rights. All data will be analyzed with MaxQDA for two cycles of coding. The first cycle will focus on open coding and the second cycle will focus on theoretical coding. Findings from the project will contribute to sociological theories regarding incarceration, surveillance and risk, and social citizenship within the context of United States democracy.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.