SaTC: CORE: Small: Transforming Non-Malleable Cryptography

这个项目旨在提高我们对篡改攻击的理解，篡改攻击是密码学和计算机安全中最基本的攻击之一。篡改对手可能试图修改静态或传输中的数据，这可能对许多计算机系统的安全性造成毁灭性的破坏。不可延展性密码学的目标是开发保护计算机系统免受此类攻击所需的工具和技术。该项目的新颖之处在于将一些新的原语概念化，这些原语可以帮助对抗新兴计算机系统中的此类攻击。该项目的影响在于提供了应对此类攻击的智能工具包，并培训了下一代计算机安全和密码学专家。不可延展性密码学的范围相当广泛：它的范围从设计防止中间人（MIM）攻击的安全协议，确保对静态数据的篡改攻击的保证，以及（相对较新的）信息论不可延展性密码学领域。这些问题的基本性质可以通过它们与密码学中的许多子领域（例如，安全多方计算和并发安全计算）甚至超越一般理论计算机科学（包括随机性提取，硬度放大和编码理论）的联系来看出。该项目开发了新技术，从根本上改变了所有这些方向的艺术状态。该研究探索了诸如不可延展性秘密共享和相关源提取器等新概念。该项目还解决了非延展性承诺领域长期存在的开放性问题。该奖项反映了美国国家科学基金会的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

This project aims to enhance our understanding of tampering attacks which are one of the most basic ones in cryptography and computer security. A tampering adversary may try to modify data at rest or in transit, which could be devastating to the security of a number of computer systems. The goal of non-malleable cryptography is to develop the tools and techniques required to secure computer systems against such attacks. The project's novelties are in conceptualizing a number of new primitives which can help fight against such attacks in emerging computer systems. The project's impacts are in providing an intellectual toolkit to deal with these type of attacks, and in training the next generation of experts in computer security and cryptography.The scope for non-malleable cryptography is quite broad: it ranges from designing protocols secure against man-in-the-middle (MIM) attacks, ensuring guarantees against a tampering attack for data at rest, and the (relatively newer) area of information theoretic non-malleable cryptography. The fundamental nature of these questions can be seen by the connections they have to a number of subareas in cryptography (e.g., secure multi-party computation, and, concurrent secure computation), and even beyond to general theoretical computer science (including to randomness extraction, hardness amplification and coding theory). This project develops new techniques to radically transform the state of art in all of these directions. The research explores novel notions such as non-malleable secret sharing, and, correlated source extractors. The project also tackles long standing open problems in the area of non-malleable commitments.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.