SBIR Phase I: Fabrication via Ultraviolet LED Irradiation to Realize Stabilized Perovskite Solar Cells with Efficiencies over 25%

小型企业创新研究(SBIR)第一阶段项目的更广泛影响是在效率、稳定性和商业化准备方面极大地推动钙钛矿型太阳能电池(PVSCs)的发展。拟议的研发(R&A；D)活动的成功将确保从第一阶段的概念实现到SBIR第二阶段通过开槽模涂覆在柔性基板上的PVSCs的原型开发的平稳过渡。我们的最终产品将通过低成本的卷筒打印(R2R)批量生产，并满足客户对额外和更便宜的电力的需求。通过将我们的高性能全柔性太阳能电池板与货运拖车/冷藏车集成在一起，货运卡车车主可以显著降低柴油消耗(减少30%)，并避免在司机休息时柴油发动机空转。当我们的产品安装在军用帐篷上时，可以产生足够的电力来满足前方作战基地(FOB)的电力需求，从而显著缓解偏远地区对柴油的需求，并有效地限制与燃料运输相关的伤亡。除了在技术和商业上的贡献外，这个项目还将通过向阿拉巴马大学授予次级奖项，让新一代的PVSC参与并教育他们，从而影响社会。拟议的项目将清除目前阻碍PVSC扩大制造和商业化的障碍。金属氧化物而不是有机材料作为电荷传输层已经被证明可以提高器件的性能和稳定性。然而，高质量的金属氧化物薄膜需要较高的热退火温度和较长的退火时间，这将破坏柔性衬底和钙钛矿型吸收层。光子辐照将在不破坏PVSCs中其他层的情况下，实现对金属氧化物空穴传输层(HTL)和金属氧化物电子传输层(ETL)的快速和层特定的退火热处理。此外，快速的特定于层的光子退火在几秒钟内发生，这与R2R打印完全兼容。有了成分工程，钙钛矿型吸收层也将经过快速的光子处理。所得到的PVSCs将能够达到25%以上的PCE，并具有长期稳定性，为通过高速印刷大规模制造PVSCs铺平了道路。针对HTL/钙钛矿/ETL夹层结构中每个堆积层的拟议的高选择性光子处理为实现稳定的PVSCs提供了解决方案，效率超过25%。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力优势和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

The broader impact of this Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) Phase I project is to greatly advance perovskite solar cells (PVSCs) in terms of efficiency, stability, and readiness for commercialization. The success of the proposed research and development (R&D) activities will ensure a smooth transition from the realization of concepts in Phase I to prototype development of PVSCs on flexible substrates through slot-die coating in SBIR Phase II. Our final products will be mass-produced through low-cost roll-to-roll (R2R) printing and satisfy the customer needs for additional and cheaper electricity. By integrating our high-performance fully flexible solar panels with freight trailers/reefers, freight-truck owners can significantly reduce the diesel fuel consumption (by 30%) and avoid idle run of diesel engine while the drivers are resting. When our products are attached to the military tents, sufficient electricity can be generated to meet electricity needs at forward operating bases (FOBs), thereby significantly relieving the demand for diesel fuel at remote locations and effectively limiting the casualties related to the fuel transportation. In addition to its technical and commercial contribution, this project will impact society by involving and educating the new generation on the PVSCs with a sub-award to The University of Alabama.The proposed project will clear the obstacles that currently preventing PVSCs from upscaling manufacture and commercialization. Metal oxides rather than organic materials as charge transport layers have been demonstrated to enhance both device performance and stability. However, high quality metal-oxide films require high thermal annealing temperatures and long annealing time, which will destroy both flexible substrates and perovskite absorber layer. Photonic irradiation will be employed to achieve rapid and layer-specific annealing for both metal-oxide hole transport layer (HTL) and metal-oxide electron transport layer (ETL) without damaging other layers in PVSCs. Moreover, the rapid layer-specific photonic annealing happens in seconds, which is fully compatible with the R2R printing. With compositional engineering, the perovskite absorber layer will also go through rapid photonic treatment. The resulted PVSCs will be able to achieve PCE over 25% with long-term stability and pave the way for large-scale manufacturing of PVSCs through high-speed printing. The proposed highly-selective photonic treatment for each stacking layer in HTL/Perovskite/ETL sandwich structure provides the solution to achieve stabilized PVSCs with efficiency over 25%.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.