Collaborative Research: Ensuring Sustainable Energy Storage Operations in the US Electricity Grid

这项研究项目使用生命周期评估和电力系统工程经济模型来调查美国储能作业的环境影响。拟议工作的第一个目标是了解在电网上运行储能设备对气候、健康和环境的影响。第二个目标是提出新的电力系统政策，允许在不造成无意中的系统排放的情况下获得存储的经济效益。能源储存的部署预计在未来几年将迅速增加，但其运行阶段的环境后果通常是未知的。这项工作将建立在研究人员在这一主题上的先前工作的基础上，并将评估几种提供能源套利、可再生能源整合和频率调节服务的不同储能技术的排放影响。此外，项目活动包括研究生和本科生研究助理的参与，通过本科生暑期研究计划。公众正致力于这一研究课题，通过开发一种免费分布的“排放和可再生能源”扩展到流行的棋盘游戏Power Grid.该研究项目利用电力系统建模方法、边际排放系数和与排放相关的损害估计工具。该分析还包括对各种可能的政策干预措施进行评估，这些干预措施可以改善能源储存的环境足迹，包括业绩标准和替代业务战略。作为这项工作的一部分，正在以新的方式将现有概念结合起来，将储能作业模型与边际排放系数结合起来，以评估气候、健康和环境影响。这项工作的一部分涉及开发新的边际排放系数预测，供本研究项目和其他研究项目使用，以检查未来电网变化的预期影响。最后，对新能源储存的政策或市场限制是研究工作的一个组成部分，到目前为止还没有考虑到这一限制。在接下来的几十年里，储能将迅速被采用。在大规模部署之前，需要确保这些技术可持续发展的政策，这项工作的结果可以直接用于制定新的政策。

This research project investigates the environmental effects of energy storage operations in the United States using life-cycle assessments and electricity system engineering-economic modeling. The first objective of the proposed work is to understand the climate, health and environmental effects of operating energy storage devices on the electricity grid. The second objective is to propose new electricity system policies that allow the economic benefits of storage to be captured without causing inadvertent system emissions. Energy storage deployments are expected to increase rapidly in the coming years, but the environmental consequences of their operation phase are generally unknown. The effort will build on the researchers' prior work on the topic and will estimate the emissions effects of several different energy storage technologies providing energy arbitrage, renewable energy integration, and frequency regulation services. In addition, project activities include the participation of both graduate and undergraduate research assistants, through an undergraduate summer research program. The public is being engaged on the research topic through development of a freely-distributed "Emissions and Renewables" expansion to the popular board game, Power Grid.This research project is utilizing electricity system modeling approaches, marginal emissions factors, and emissions-related damage estimation tools. The analysis also includes an evaluation of a variety of likely policy interventions that can improve the environmental footprint of energy storage, including performance standards and alternative operational strategies. As part of this work, existing concepts are being coupled in new ways, combining energy storage operational models with marginal emissions factors to estimate climate, health and environmental impacts. Part of this effort involves developing new forecasts of marginal emissions factors for use in both this research project and by others examining the expected effects of future changes to the electricity grid. Finally, policy or market limitations on new energy storage, which have not been considered up to now, are an integral part of the research effort. Energy storage will be rapidly adopted in the coming decades. Policies that ensure sustainable development of these technologies are needed before large-scale deployment occurs, and the results of this work could be used directly in the formation of new policy.