Social & Moral Factors in Post-Hurricane Evacuation Decisions: Implications for well-being

环境预测显示，本已脆弱的地区将受到自然灾害的不成比例的影响。在自然灾害发生后，去留的决定可能对个人和群体的恢复和复原力产生重大的长期影响。本课题研究物质、社会和意识形态因素之间的相互作用，从而有助于开发多层次的疏散决策模型。飓风过后，物质因素，包括房屋的物质条件和获得工作的机会，促使人们考虑撤离。但是，如果与家人和朋友分离（或团聚），物质因素本身不能预测撤离决定。除了社会和物质因素，研究人员还将考虑信仰和价值观层面的动态，即人们在选择离开或留下时所考虑的道德因素。在什么情况下，道德信念会压倒那些仍在从灾难中恢复的人们的社会和物质关注？了解祖国与侨民之间的联系在人们决定留下或离开方面的作用，可以为管理侨民对复原力和发展的贡献的政策提供信息。在追求这些目标的过程中，该项目将对人数不足的研究生研究助理进行科学数据收集和分析方法方面的培训。在考虑经济和健康因素（通常会影响人们的疏散决定）的同时，调查人员还研究了在灾难疏散研究中较少受到关注的因素：社会和道德层面。具体而言，他们将侧重于社会关系和道德话语的作用。最终，该项目旨在了解这些因素如何影响心理健康，以及他们是留在岛上还是离开了岛上。关键是要了解这些因素，因为它们决定了灾害适应系统。此外，关于移徙趋势的数据显示，飓风“玛丽亚”过后，迁移人数显著增加。通过揭示疏散人员考虑的一系列复杂因素，这项研究可以为旨在解决经济脆弱背景下人口减少问题的政策提供信息。此外，这项研究还将揭示物质因素以外的因素，这些因素导致心理健康危机。为此，研究人员将采用个人和小组访谈、媒体分析和调查的方法：（1）研究社会关系如何影响疏散决定，以及社会关系如何与其他因素相互作用，如人们对国家或社区的责任感;（二）调查在各种媒体上传播的道德话语，并采访研究参与者，以更好地了解它们如何影响疏散决定;以及（3）评估物质、社会和意识形态因素如何与疏散决定相互作用，从而影响心理健康。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

Environmental forecasts show that already vulnerable places will be disproportionately impacted by natural disasters. The decision to stay or leave in the aftermath of a natural disaster can have significant long-term impacts on individual and group recovery and resilience. This project examines the interactions among the material, social, and ideological factors, thereby contributing to the development of multi-level models of evacuation decision-making. In the wake of a hurricane, material factors, including the physical conditions of homes and access to jobs, push people to consider evacuation. But if separation from (or reunion with) family and friends is in play, material factors alone cannot predict an evacuation decision. Beyond the social and material, the researchers will also consider dynamics at the level of beliefs and values, the moral considerations that people weigh in choosing to leave or stay. Under what circumstances might moral convictions trump the social and material concerns of people still recovering from a disaster? Understanding the role of homeland-diasporic connection in people's decisions to stay or leave can inform policies that manage diasporic contributions to resilience and development. In pursuing these aims, the project will train under-represented graduate research assistants in methods of scientific data collection and analysis.This study examines factors that shaped evacuation decisions after Hurricane Maria. While considering economic and health factors, which typically shape people's evacuation decisions, the investigators examine factors that have received less attention in disaster evacuation studies: social and moral dimensions. Specifically, they will focus on the role of social ties and moral discourses. Ultimately, the project seeks to understand how these factors influence mental health, and whether they stayed or left he island. It is crucial to understand such factors as they shape disaster adaption systems. Further, data on migration trends showed marked increases in relocation following Hurricane Maria. By shedding light on the complex set of factors evacuees consider, this research can inform policies that aim to address depopulation in already economically vulnerable contexts. In addition, this research will shed light on factors, beyond material ones, that are contributing to mental health crises. To do this, the investigators will employ individual and group interviews, media analysis, and a survey to: (1) study how social ties influence evacuation decisions and how social ties interact with other factors, such as people's sense of duty to nation or community; (2) investigate the moral discourses that circulate in various media and interviews with research participants to better understand how they influence evacuation decisions; and (3) assess how material, social, and ideological factors interact with evacuation decisions to affect mental health.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.