Collaborative Research: Quantifying the carbon emission and sequestration rate after a large CO2 pulse from the Siberian Traps volcanism

二叠纪末的大灭绝事件（EPME）导致超过90%的海洋物种和70%的陆地物种消失。在EPME（2.52亿年前）期间，已知最大的火山事件之一西伯利亚圈闭（ST）火山活动发生并向大气中释放了大量的二氧化碳。这次火山事件对EPME和随后的生命恢复的影响仍然知之甚少。因此，更好地了解二叠纪末地球的动态气候和生物地球化学是至关重要的。该项目将使用地球系统建模来探索早三叠纪ST火山作用、风化作用和温室气体的长期积累所产生的二氧化碳排放率。该项目将包括在蒙特克莱尔州立大学培训代表性不足的学生，并在耶鲁大学开展暑期推广项目，以教育公众。这项研究的新知识将纳入教育和推广活动。为了更好地了解EPME的机制和随后的恢复，该项目旨在产生新的热带海洋锂和硼同位素记录，跨越EPME的100万年间隔，并提高对硼同位素反映pH变化的程度和锂同位素反映风化强度的定量认识。这些地球化学指标将为研究与ST火山活动相关的二氧化碳大脉冲排放后的碳排放和固存率提供新的见解。该项目将增加对热带古气候历史的了解，包括极端碳排放和封存对生态系统消亡和恢复的命运的作用。项目团队还将开发新的建模工具，以生成可靠的定量生物地球化学记录，用于EPME模型数据比较。该奖项反映了美国国家科学基金会的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

The end-Permian mass extinction event (EPME) resulted in the loss of more than 90% of marine and 70% of land species. During the EPME (252 million years ago), one of the largest known volcanic events, the Siberian Trap (ST) volcanism, occurred and released massive quantities of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. The impact of this volcanic event on the EPME and the subsequent recovery of life remains poorly understood. Therefore, it is critical to develop a better understanding of the dynamic climate and biogeochemistry of the end-Permian Earth. This project will use Earth system modeling to explore the CO2 emission rates from ST volcanism, weathering and the long-term buildup of greenhouse gases in the Early Triassic. This project will include the training of underrepresented students at Montclair State University and develop summer outreach programs to educate the general public at Yale University. New knowledge from this research will be integrated into educational and outreach activities. To better understand the mechanisms of the EPME and subsequent recovery, the project aims to produce new tropical ocean lithium and boron isotopic records spanning the one million year interval across the EPME and to improve quantitative understanding of the extent to which boron isotopes reflect pH changes and lithium isotopes reflect weathering intensity. These geochemical proxies will provide new insights into carbon emission and sequestration rates following the large pulse of CO2 emission associated with ST volcanism. The project will increase understanding of tropical paleoclimate history, including the role of extreme carbon emission and sequestration on the fate of ecosystem demise and recovery. The project team will also develop new modeling tools needed to produce reliable quantitative biogeochemical records spanning the EPME for model-data comparison.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.