The interplay between Gender, Occupations and Family migration in Germany. (GOFAM)

国内移徙的决定及其对与工作有关的成就的影响至今在德国男子和妇女之间，特别是在作为夫妇移动的丈夫和妻子之间仍然是不平等的。尽管在男女社会经济机会平等方面取得了深远的社会和政治发展，但双收入家庭的家庭迁移仍然有利于丈夫的事业，而可能阻碍妻子的事业。尽管对这一主题的学术兴趣提出了有影响力和有争议的理论解释，但相关实证文献的混合证据并不能完全解释这种形式的性别不平等。解决这一难题的一个有希望但仍不发达的研究方向来自于男性和女性在不同的有偿工作或职业领域广泛而普遍的结构性分离。移民前的就业和配偶的工资水平都不能排除性别差异，但一些初步的文献表明，配偶的职业特征和职业轨迹可以更多地说明家庭移民过程中持续存在的性别不平等。本研究计划旨在通过检查职业的结构性影响以及职业选择和男女轨迹来填补这一空白。它旨在了解在双收入家庭中，为个人职业发展、配偶角色或迁移动机（即带头和连带迁移）以及与工作相关的结果而迁移倾向的性别差异。结合结构、生命历程和行为视角的综合概念框架，我将提供新颖而可靠的经验证据，将最先进的纵向定量分析方法应用于现有的互补纵向数据源，主要分析当代德国的模式。在实质性和方法学上取得进步，通过以下方式改进传统研究：(i)利用二元数据揭示家庭迁移决策中配偶之间的相互依存关系，（ii）通过应用选择模型解决自我选择的来源，并在替代选择的背景下探索家庭迁移决策（即解散工会和反复流动），（iii）考察初始和重复的家庭迁移事件对职业轨迹的长期影响及其与职业生涯中断的其他原因（如生育）的相互依赖性；（iv）德国、澳大利亚和英国之间的跨国比较，以揭示职业结构、福利国家和性别关系背后的制度特殊性。这个项目的结果将对关于导致家庭移徙中男女不平等的过程的辩论作出重要贡献，并将使决策者了解性别职业结构对家庭决策的影响的扩大。

The determination of internal migrations and the impact they have on job-related achievement is to date still unequal between German men and women, especially between husbands and wives who move as a couple. Despite far-reaching social and political developments toward the equalization of socio-economic opportunities across men and women, family moves of dual income households still favour the careers of husbands while they can hold back the one of wives. Although academic interest on the topic raises influential and contested theoretical explanations, the mixed evidence of the associated empirical literature does not fully explain this form of gender inequality. A promising and still underdeveloped line of research to solve this puzzle arises from the extensive and pervasive structural separation of men and women in different lines of paid work or occupations. Neither pre-migration employment nor wage levels of spouses rule out sex differences, but some incipient literature indicates that partners’ occupational characteristics and occupational trajectories can be more informative of the persisting gender inequalities in family migration processes ceteris paribus. This research proposal aims to begin filling this gap by examining the structural effects of occupations as well as occupational choices and trajectories of men and women. It aims to understand sex differences in migration propensities to move for individual career advancement, spousal roles or motives in the event of migration (i.e. lead- and tied-migrant) and job-related outcomes among dual income families. Together with an integrative conceptual framework of structural, life course and behavioural perspectives, I will offer novel and sound empirical evidence applying state-of-the-art longitudinal methods of quantitative analysis to existing complementary longitudinal data sources to mostly analyse patterns in contemporary Germany. Substantive and methodological advances to improve on traditional research by featuring (i) unveiling the interdependence between spouses in family migration decisions with dyadic data, (ii) solving sources of self-selection by applying selection models and exploring family migration decisions in a context of alternative choices (i.e. union dissolution and recurrent mobility), (iii) examining the long term effects of initial and repeated family migration events on occupational trajectories and their interdependencies with other reasons for occupational career interruptions (i.e. childbirth) and (iv) cross-country comparison between Germany, Australia and Britain to unveil institutional specificities behind the occupational structure, the welfare state and the gender relations. The results of this project will make important contributions to debates on the processes that lead to gender inequalities of family migration and will inform policy makers about the extension of the effects of a gendered occupational structure in household decisions.