The influence of additional information on operators use of assistance systems: An experimental evaluation

在与安全相关的工作环境中，如过程工业或航空，操作员需要警报系统的支持。这些系统是一种特殊类型的辅助系统，已成为许多实证研究的主题，研究可能影响操作员使用或废弃辅助系统的相关方面。就报警系统而言，一个众所周知的问题是大量的误报警。当操作人员意识到报警可靠性较低时，就会对系统失去信任。因此，他们试图验证大多数给定的警报。出于验证的目的，他们使用诸如原始数据之类的附加信息。操作员通过交叉检查底层原始数据对警报的反应被称为知情合规。实证研究表明，制度、经营者和情况的不同方面可能会影响知情合规。本研究项目的目的是评估情况的具体方面对知情遵守的影响。此外，这些方面之间可能的相互作用，与系统特性和操作员相关的方面将被检查。一项实验将使用行李检查范式进行，该范式模拟了机场的安全检查场景。参与者将在警报系统的帮助下完成任务。为了验证报警信息，他们可以访问原始数据。作为自变量的系统的可靠性、获取信息的程度以及信息的内容都会发生变化。预计这三个因素都会影响参与者的知情遵守情况。此外，为了控制可能的交互效应，参与者感知的工作量、自信心和对系统的信任将使用问卷进行评估。这项研究是一个长期项目的一部分；因此，研究结果将用于开发预测操作员使用辅助系统的模型。

In safety related work environments, such as process industry or aviation, operators are supported by alarm systems. Those systems are a specific type of assistance systems which have been subject of many empirical studies, examining possible relevant aspects that influence operators use or disuse of assistance systems. In the case of alarm systems, one well-known problem is the high number of false alarms. When operators realize the low alarm reliability, they lose trust in the system. As a consequence, they try to validate most of the given alarms. For validation purposes, they use additional information such as raw data. Operators reaction to an alarm by cross-checking the underlying raw data is referred to as informed compliance. Empirical studies show that different aspects of the systems, the operators, and the situation may influence informed compliance. The aim of this research project is to evaluate the impact of specific aspects of the situation on informed compliance. Furthermore, possible interactions of these aspects with each other, with system characteristics, and operator related aspects will be examined. An experiment will be conducted using the luggage screening paradigm, which simulates a security check scenario at the airport. Participants will fulfill the task with the help of an alarm system. In order to validate alarm information, they will have access to raw data. As independent variables system reliability, access to information, and degree of information content will be varied. It is expected that all three factors influence participants informed compliance. In addition, participants perceived workload, self-confidence, and trust in the system will be assessed using questionnaires in order to control for possible interaction effects. The study is one part of a long-term project; therefore, results will be used for the development of a model predicting operators use of assistance systems.