Mineralization and paleofluids in the vicinity of the Upper Rhine Graben

法国孚日山脉和德国黑森林的华力西干山脉被早第三纪中期的上莱茵地堑（URG）隔开，并在其形成过程中被抬升。这一构造运动使片麻状和花岗质基底岩石与中生代和古近纪沉积物中的各种地层接触，特别是使基底与以前被不透水层隔开的各种沉积含水层接触。这些不同类型的流体的混合导致并监测各种类型的热液脉发生沿着边缘的URG。根据对31个矿点的初步观察，可划分出6种主要矿化类型。这些矿物包括数量不等的碳酸盐、重晶石、石英、方铅矿、红铁矿和稀有矿石。这里建议，这些不同的矿化记录混合过程中的特定含水层的古近纪演化的URG。这些矿脉中的流体包裹体、矿物学和地球化学研究将与流体-岩石相互作用的热力学模型相结合，从而重建古流体成分，并将其与深钻孔和热沃茨（例如，例如，在一个实施例中，NAGRA在瑞士诺埃、Soultz-sous-Forêt、Bruchsal、Bühl、Baden-Baden和其他地区的钻孔）和现代地层沃茨的组成，以揭示流体迁移的细节和对主要构造运动的反应。

The Variscan massifs of the Vosges Mountains in France and the Schwarzwald (Black Forest) in Germany are separated by and have been uplifted during the formation of the Upper Rhinegraben (URG) in the Middle Paleogene. This tectonic movement brought gneissic and granitic basement rocks into contact with various strata of Mesozoic and Paleogene sediments and especially, it brought basement and various sedimentary aquifers into contact, which had been separated by impermeable layers before. The mixing of these distinct types of fluids led to and is monitored by various types of hydrothermal veins occurring along the margins of the URG. Six principle types of mineralization can be distinguished based on preliminary observations at 31 localities. These comprise variable amounts of carbonates, barite, quartz, galena, fahlore and rarer ore minerals. It is suggested here, that these distinct mineralizations record mixing processes of specific aquifers during the Paleogene evolution of the URG. Fluid inclusion, mineralogical and geochemical investigations in these veins will be coupled to thermodynamic models of fluid-rock interaction resulting in reconstructed paleo-fluid compositions, which will be compared to modern fluids known from deep drillholes and thermal waters (e. g., NAGRA drillholes in Nothern Switzerland, Soultz-sous-Forêt, Bruchsal, Bühl, Baden-Baden and others) and to compositions of modern formation waters to unravel the details of fluid migration and reaction in response to the major tectonic movement.