Another Sociology of Solidarity. Gaston Richard (1860-1945)

1905年，加斯东·理查德（Gaston Richard，1860-1945）成为法国第一位大学社会学教授。从1895年到1907年，他与埃米尔·涂尔干在《安妮社会学》中合作。1926年至1939年，他指导了由雷内蠕虫创办的《国际社会学杂志》（Revue internationale de Sociologie，1926-1939）。同时，他还是国际社会学研究所的主席。理查德也是从事基督教社会主义运动的新教活动家的成员。然而，无论是理查兹的工作（超过700出版物的形式，书籍，散文和评论），也不是他对社会学的影响，是考虑在他去世后。他的团结概念--他的社会学理论的核心--在第二代文献中也几乎没有提到。理查兹在德法社会学家之间的辩论中取得了理论上的进步，这场辩论是关于推广一种形式主义的和应用的团结概念，从而能够研究现代社会中的新形式的社会性。本项目提案旨在重建理查兹被遗忘的团结社会学，涉及：a）与埃米尔·涂尔干及其团体关于团结和宗教社会学的有争议的辩论的背景，B）新教活动家之间定义的团结和世俗主义问题，c）德国形式主义社会学家的背景，d）理查兹团结议程在第二次世界大战前后的延续。本项目建议书所采用的方法除其他外涉及未发表的档案文件和记录。这些文件带来了批判性的材料，开辟了一条新的道路，以德法为基础的比较视角，在社会学和社会历史的团结在20世纪。世纪。这些来源是在文本计量方法的基础上制定的，以便将概念和理论的语义发展与项目提案中考虑的个人和机构网络进行比较。这种分析表明，加斯东理查兹社会学是一种德法文化社会学，其中团结被认为是一种关系实践。

In 1905, Gaston Richard (1860-1945) was France first University professor of sociology. From 1895 to 1907, he collaborated with Emile Durkheim in the Annee Sociologique. Between 1926 and 1939, he directed the Revue internationale de Sociologie (1926-1939) founded by Rene Worms. At the same time, he was the president of the Institut international de Sociologie. Richard was also a member of the Protestant activists engaged in the Christian socialism movement. However, neither Richards work (more than 700 publications in the form of books, essays and reviews) nor his impact over sociology were to be considered after his death. His concept of solidarity - the core of his sociological theory - remains likewise hardly noted in the secondary literature. Richards theoretical advances in the debates between German and French sociologists about the promotion of a formalistic and applied conception of solidarity enabling the investigation of new forms of sociality in modern societies faded out. This project proposal aims at reconstructing Richards forgotten sociology of solidarity regarding: a) the context of the controversial debates with Emile Durkheim and his group on solidarity and the sociology of religion, b) the problem of solidarity and secularism as defined amongst the Protestant activists, c) the context of the German formalist sociologists and d) the continuation of Richards solidarist agenda before and after the Second World War. The methodology used in this project proposal deals inter alia with unpublished archival papers and records. These documents bring up critical material that strikes a new path to a German-French based comparative perspective in sociology and social history of solidarity in the 20th. century. These sources are worked out on the basis of textometric methods enabling to compare semantic developments of concepts and theories with the networks of persons and institutions considered in the project proposal. This analysis shows Gaston Richards sociology as a German-French cultural sociology in which solidarity is thought as a practice of relations.