Operational support for the Global Ocean Biogeochemistry Array (GO-BGC)

海洋为地球上的生命提供关键服务，每年吸收人类产生的93%的热量以及人类二氧化碳（CO2）排放量的四分之一。然而，海洋温度和二氧化碳水平的上升也改变了海洋环境：pH值和氧气水平下降，洋流发生变化，营养物质通量和浓度发生变化，所有这些都对整个海洋和大气中的生态系统以及氧，氮和碳的循环产生影响。直到最近，由于与大规模船舶运营相关的高昂成本，以季节性到年际分辨率在偏远海域观察这些生物地球化学（BGC）变化一直是不切实际的。现在，已经开发出了配备化学和生物传感器的机器人剖面浮标，并且可以独立运行多年。 这些机器人系统为我们提供了真实的观察海洋化学和生物变化的能力。该提案将提供资金，使分布在全球海洋的500个此类剖面浮标阵列运行五年。 全球海洋生物地球化学阵列（GO-BGC）是由美国国家科学基金会中型研究基础设施-2方案资助的，目的是在地球仪周围部署500个生物地球化学（BGC）剖面浮标。每个浮标将配备一套化学和生物传感器，用于氧气，硝酸盐，pH值，叶绿素荧光，光学后向散射，以及在大多数情况下的辐照度。GO-BGC阵列提供的前所未有的实时数据流将使人们能够通过海洋上部2公里的区域，以季节性到年际分辨率观测海洋生物地球化学变化，推动科学和公众对全球范围内海洋生物地球化学循环和海洋健康的理解发生变革性转变。 然而，MSRI-2项目并不提供运行该阵列的资金。 运营成本集中在通过铱卫星通信系统从浮标传输大数据流所需的费用，以及运营数据系统的费用，该数据系统对输入的测量进行质量控制并真实的实时分发所得的科学质量数据。 这些数据可以不受限制地提供。 该提案将提供从GO-BGC阵列传输数据所需的费用。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

The ocean provides critical services to life on the planet, absorbing 93% of the heat caused by humans as well as a quarter of human carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions each year. However, rising ocean temperatures and CO2 levels also change the marine environment: pH and oxygen levels fall, ocean currents change, and nutrient fluxes and concentrations are shifting, all with effects on ecosystems and the cycles of oxygen, nitrogen, and carbon throughout the ocean and atmosphere. Until recently, observing these biogeochemical (BGC) changes across remote ocean areas with seasonal to interannual resolution has been impractical due to the prohibitive costs associated with large-scale ship operations. Now robotic profiling floats have been developed that are equipped with chemical and biological sensors, and which can operate independently for years. These robotic systems provide us the ability to observe changing ocean chemistry and biology in real time. This proposal will provide the funds to operate for five years an array of 500 such profiling floats that are distributed across the global ocean. The Global Ocean Biogeochemistry (GO-BGC) Array was funded through the NSF Mid-scale Research Infrastructure-2 program to deploy 500 biogeochemical (BGC) profiling floats around the globe. Each float will be equipped with a suite of chemical and biological sensors for oxygen, nitrate, pH, chlorophyll fluorescence, optical backscatter, and, in most cases, irradiance. The unprecedented real-time data stream from the GO-BGC Array will enable observation of ocean biogeochemical changes with seasonal to interannual resolution through the upper 2 km of the ocean, driving a transformative shift in scientific and public understanding of marine biogeochemical cycling and ocean health at the global scale. However, the MSRI-2 project does not provide funds to operate the array. Operational costs are centered on the expenses needed to transmit the large data stream from floats through the Iridium satellite communication system and the expenses to operate a data system that quality controls the incoming measurements and distributes the resulting, science quality data in real time. These data are then available without restriction. This proposal will provide the needed costs to transmit data from the GO-BGC array. It will support the quality control of float data streams to ensure that a high quality, science-ready data set is easily available to the community.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.