SWIFT: Enabling Spectrum Coexistence of 5G mmWave and Passive Weather Sensing

在5G和超5G（B5 G）发展中对越来越高的无线数据速率的需求导致了毫米波频段中的更新频谱的利用，这些频谱以前没有被分配用于商业无线应用。当这种新的频谱机会涉及影响用于其他服务的并置或相邻频谱时，通常伴随着猜测。具体来说，在26 GHz频谱中分配的5G频段（称为3GPP频段n258）引起了包括美国国家海洋和大气管理局（NOAA）在内的气象数据预测界的焦虑和担忧。这个问题源于5G传输影响了气象卫星上用于检测大气中水蒸气量的无源传感器的观测，这反过来又影响了天气预报和预测。为此，拟议的研究项目旨在通过表征5G传输对天气数据测量和预测的影响来解决这一问题，然后设计实现5G服务和天气预测之间共存所需的跨层缓解策略，以及改进的天气预测算法。此外，本科生，研究生和高中生，包括代表性不足的少数群体，将参与和培训5G与被动传感和天气预报的共存。该项目将导致算法设计，参考架构，和测试台实验，为频谱和系统节能5G/B5 G网络可以与被动天气传感器和平共处。它还将有助于开发改进的天气预报算法，这些算法认识到意外干扰的潜在影响。具体的研究任务包括：（i）设计改进的模型，用于使用基于仿真和分析的方法来表征5G对辐射的影响，同时考虑到发射功率水平、特定子带占用率、发射调制方案、功率放大器的非线性以及云层和大气层的吸收和传输;（ii）将5G发射机的空间密度以及传输的高度和方向性映射到对泄漏的地理空间敏感度;（iii）设计新颖的跨层方法，利用天线/电路减轻5G对23.8吉赫的影响（iv）开发改进的天气预测算法，其被设计为对5G泄漏具有鲁棒性;以及（v）在PAWR COSMOS试验台上进行试验，以研究5G传输的相邻信道泄漏。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

The demand for increasingly higher wireless data rates in 5G and Beyond 5G (B5G) developments has led to the utilization of newer spectrum in the mmWave bands that had not been previously allocated for commercial wireless applications. Such new spectrum opportunities often come with speculation when it relates to impacting collocated or adjacent spectrum utilized for other services. Specifically, the 5G band allocated in the 26 GHz spectrum referred to as 3GPP band n258 has generated anxiety and concern in the meteorological data forecasting community including the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). This issue stems from 5G transmissions impacting the observations of passive sensors on weather satellites used to detect the amount of water vapor in the atmosphere, which in turn affects weather forecasting and predictions. To this end, the proposed research project aims to tackle this issue by characterizing the impact of 5G transmissions on weather data measurements and prediction, and then design cross layer mitigation strategies needed to enable coexistence between 5G services and weather prediction, as well as improved weather prediction algorithms. Furthermore, undergraduate, graduate and high school students including underrepresented minority groups will be engaged and trained in the coexistence of 5G with passive sensing and weather forecasting.The project will lead to algorithm designs, reference architectures, and testbed experiments that will provide pointers to engineering methodology for the design of spectrally and system power-efficient 5G/B5G networks that can peacefully coexist with passive weather sensors. It will also enable the development of improved weather forecasting algorithms that are cognizant of the potential impact of unintended interference. The specific research tasks entail: (i) designing improved models for characterizing the 5G impact on radiance using both simulation and analysis based approaches taking into account transmit power levels, specific sub-band occupancy, transmit modulation schemes, nonlinearity of power amplifiers, and absorption and transmission through layers of clouds and atmosphere; (ii) mapping the spatial density of 5G transmitters, and the elevation and directionality of transmissions to geospatial sensitivity to leakage; (iii) devising novel cross-layer approaches for mitigating the 5G impact on 23.8 GHz using antennas/circuit (filtenna) design and direct modulation based beam steering that is integrated with cooperative MAC and networking strategies along with power control; (iv) developing improved weather prediction algorithms that are designed to be robust to 5G leakage; and (v) experimenting on the PAWR COSMOS testbed to study adjacent channel leakage from 5G transmissions.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.