Workshop: Halo-DaSH: The Deep and Shallow History of Aquatic Life’s Passages between Marine and Freshwater Habitats

该奖项支持一个研讨会和研讨会，其目的是强调咸水和淡水栖息地之间的生物交流如何改变生物圈。海洋和淡水栖息地的生命长期以来一直交织在一起。生命之树的主要分支起源于海洋和殖民淡水，往往适应新的制度并多样化。类似的交流一直持续到今天，包括一些不断在咸水和淡水之间迁徙的物种。研究这些过程的科学家通常专注于一组活着的有机体，或者是记录古代殖民的化石记录。这笔赠款支持的活动的目的是鼓励对水生系统的生命史和当代压力进行新的研究。计划的活动将包括在综合与比较生物学学会2022年年会期间举行为期一天的研讨会，以及为期一天的研讨会，旨在促进创新思维和不同学科方向、原籍国和专业发展阶段的科学家的参与。这些互动将产生包括手稿在内的产品，这些手稿综合了各学科的研究成果，并为讲习班合作所强调的关于知识差距的新研究提供了建议。由于不断加剧的人类影响，形成古代交流的海平面等全球条件目前正在快速变化，研讨会和研讨会的结果应该有助于科学家了解与水生栖息地溶质浓度变化和全球气候变化有关的对生物多样性的新威胁。研讨会和研讨会将讨论几个问题，即咸水和淡水之间的生物交换如何改变生物圈：淡水的主要殖民发生在什么时候？是什么情况促成了这一过渡？返回海洋生物栖息地的频率有多高？边界的渗透性如何：海洋生物栖息地的变化是例行公事，几乎不需要修改，还是因为需要特殊条件和实质性的基因组改变而很少发生？为了适应物理、化学和生态差异，发生了哪些适应性变化？海洋和淡水谱系在生物体层面的特征、生态关系和进化过程上有何不同？转型在多大程度上推动了多元化？这些转变在生态系统服务方面产生了哪些差异？淡水和海洋形式在哪些方面受到不同的人为应激源？研讨会、研讨会和最终产品将整合生物组织的多个层次和不同领域的研究结果，并利用这一科学更好地理解每个领域对全球变化的反应。这种跨学科的方法将允许参与者建立新的合作，并解决跨学科边界的问题，从而刺激新的研究，以填补已发现的知识空白。来自不同学科的不同科学家，包括研究生和科学中代表性不足的群体的个人，将参与其中，结果将在期刊文章、白皮书中传播，并通过项目网站、Twitter账户和Instagram订阅源传播。由此产生的合作将加强生物和地球科学学科之间的互动，并将影响本科生和研究生的跨学科课程。该奖项由生物科学局综合组织系统部门的生理机制和生物力学项目以及地球科学局地球科学部的沉积地质学和古生物学项目共同资助。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

This award supports a symposium and workshop, the goal of which is to highlight how biological exchanges between salty and freshwater habitats have transformed the biosphere. Life in the ocean and in freshwater habitats have long been intertwined. Major branches of the tree of life originated in the oceans and colonized fresh waters, often adapting to the new regime and diversifying. Similar exchanges continue to this day, including some species that continually migrate between salty and fresh waters. Scientists who study these processes typically focus on a single group of living organisms, or on the fossil record that documents ancient colonizations. The purpose of the activities supported by this grant is to stimulate new research on the history of life and present-day stresses to aquatic systems. Planned activities will consist of a day-long symposium during the 2022 Annual Meeting of the Society for Integrative and Comparative Biology, and a one-day workshop designed to facilitate innovative thinking and the involvement of scientists who are diverse in disciplinary orientation, country of origin, and stage of professional development. These interactions will yield products including manuscripts that synthesize research findings across disciplines and grant proposals for new research on gaps in knowledge that have been highlighted by the workshop collaborations. Because global conditions such as sea level that shaped ancient exchanges are currently changing at a rapid rate due to intensifying human impacts, the results of the symposium and workshop should help scientists understand emerging threats to biodiversity related to changes in aquatic habitat solute concentration and global climate change.The symposium and workshop will address several questions about how biotic exchange between salty and fresh habitats has transformed the biosphere: When did major colonizations of fresh waters happen? What circumstances facilitated the transition? How frequent have been returns to marine habitats? How porous is the boundary: is change in halohabitat routine, requiring few modifications, or does it rarely occur because it requires special conditions and substantial genomic alterations? What adaptive changes occurred to accommodate the physiochemical and ecological differences? How do marine and freshwater lineages differ in organism-level features, ecological relationships, evolutionary processes? To what extent has diversification been propelled by the transitions? What differences in ecosystem services arise from these transformations? In what ways are the freshwater and marine forms subject to different anthropogenic stressors? The symposium, workshop, and resulting products will integrate findings at multiple levels of biological organization and from disparate fields, and use this science to better understand responses to global change in each realm. The transdisciplinary approach will allow participants to establish new collaborations and address questions that cross disciplinary boundaries, thereby stimulating new research to fill identified gaps in knowledge. Diverse scientists from a broad range of disciplines, including graduate students and individuals from groups under-represented in science, will participate, and results will be disseminated in journal articles, white papers, and via a project website, Twitter account and Instagram feed. The resulting collaborations will enhance interactions across biological and geoscience disciplines and will impact interdisciplinary curricula for undergraduate and graduate students.This award is co-funded by the Physiological Mechanisms and Biomechanics Program in the Division of Integrative Organismal Systems, Directorate for Biological Sciences, and the Sedimentary Geology and Paleobiology Program in the Division of Earth Sciences, Directorate for Geosciences.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.