CAREER: CAS- Climate: Improving the Participation of Diverse Residential Buildings in Demand Side Management

该奖项全部或部分由《2021年美国救援计划法案》（公法117-2）资助。作为能源的主要消费者，因此也是影响气候的重要排放源，建筑物是支持脱碳目标的主要改进目标。电网交互建筑可以通过在能源、容量和最近的辅助服务电网市场中充当灵活的负载来支持实现这些目标。这种需求侧管理（DSM）战略可以减少总体电力需求，并支持增加可再生能源的使用。然而，目前的建筑能源建模方法并不能很好地适应于估计DSM的潜力，因为它们不能代表美国家庭中高度不同的占用率、内部负荷消耗行为、能源偏好和优先事项，也没有考虑它们的相互依赖性。相反，目前的方法是独立地对占用率和内部负荷进行建模，并假设所有家庭的“典型”时间表，而不管其人口结构如何。这些限制和概括是一个问题，因为它们的使用可能导致解决方案歪曲了DSM的参与，并不成比例地使不同的人群受益。社会经济变量的变化在多大程度上影响DSM的潜力，以及如何适当地建模，在目前的文献中尚未确定。因此，本研究的总体目标是开发一个综合框架，以评估不同住宅家庭的DSM潜力，特别是针对服务不足的低收入城市，农村和偏远地区的人口。主要的教育目标是教育现有和未来的劳动力在可持续，智能建筑和需求侧管理。开发的教育工具、资源和视频将解决参与DSM的障碍，并支持利益相关者实施DSM。这项工作包括三个研究目标：建立考虑社会经济因素对（R1）美国住宅家庭最大DSM潜力的影响的模型，以及（R2）参与DSM的意愿及其与占用和能源消耗模式的关系；（R3）通过受控的实验室测试验证开发的DSM方案，以解决潜在的乘员舒适性障碍。该项目将更好地估计住宅建筑的用电需求管理潜力，特别是对低收入、能源负担沉重的家庭的见解，以及一个可用于评估用电需求管理潜力的框架。这将支持更大、更公平地参与用电需求管理，也会带来潜在的重大环境效益。教育工作将针对三个群体，即年轻劳动力、未来劳动力和更广泛的公众，主要有两个目标：（E1）新兴劳动力：开发智能、网格互动的建筑证书课程和培训材料，针对学生和新兴专业人士。（E2a）学前/小学学生和（E2b）广大公众：通过开发、测试和传播流言终结者风格的视频、课程材料和案例研究，解决参与可持续性和效率的误解和障碍。多方面的教育工作将支持构成未来劳动力的各个年龄段的学生以及教授他们的教师。证书课程将有助于减少少数族裔在劳动力渠道中的专业障碍。学前/小学课程将有助于提高对可持续发展的认识，并鼓励发展解决问题的能力。该奖项反映了美国国家科学基金会的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

This award is funded in whole or in part under the American Rescue Plan Act of 2021 (Public Law 117-2). As major consumers of energy and therefore a significant source of climate-impacting emissions, buildings are a prime target for improvements to support decarbonization goals. Grid-interactive buildings can support achieving such targets through acting as flexible loads in energy, capacity, and more recently, ancillary service electric grid markets. Such demand side management (DSM) strategies can reduce overall electricity needs, and support increased use of renewable energy. However, current building energy modeling methods are not well adapted to estimate DSM potential, as they do not represent the highly varied occupancy, internal load consumption behaviors, and energy preferences and priorities across U.S. households, nor do they consider their interdependencies. Rather, current methods model occupancy and internal loads independently, and assume “typical” schedules for all households regardless of their demographics. These limitations and generalizations are a problem as their use can result in solutions that misrepresent DSM participation and disproportionally benefit different populations. The extent to which variations in socioeconomic variables influence DSM potential, and how this can be appropriately modeled is not yet established in the current literature. Consequently, the overarching goal of this research is to develop an integrated framework to assess the DSM potential of diverse residential households, specifically targeting underserved, lower-income urban, rural, and remote populations. The primary educational goal is to educate the existing and future workforce in sustainable, smart buildings and demand side management. The developed educational tools, resources, and videos will address barriers to DSM participation, and support stakeholders implementing DSM. The effort includes three research goals: Develop models that consider the impact of socioeconomic factors on (R1) the maximum DSM potential of U.S. residential households, and (R2) willingness to participate in DSM and its relationship to occupancy and energy consumption patterns; (R3) validate the developed DSM scenarios through controlled laboratory testing to address potential occupant comfort barriers to DSM participation. The project will result in better estimates of DSM potential of residential buildings, with particular insights for low-income, energy burdened households, as well as a framework that can be used to evaluate DSM potential. This will support greater and more equitable DSM participation, also resulting in potential substantial environmental benefits. The educational effort will target three groups, the younger workforce, the future workforce, and the broader public with two main objectives: (E1): Emerging Workforce: Develop a smart, grid-interactive building certificate program, and training materials, targeted at students and emerging professionals. (E2a) Preschool/Elementary School Students and (E2b) Broader Public: Address misconceptions and barriers to engaging in sustainability and efficiency, through the development, testing, and dissemination of Mythbusters-style videos, curriculum materials, and case studies. The multi- faceted educational efforts will support all ages of students who make up the future workforce, as well as instructors that teach them. A certificate program will help reduce professional barriers to minorities in the workforce pipeline. Preschool/elementary programs will help increase awareness about sustainability, and encourage development of problem solving skills.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.