Collaborative Research: Phenocryst or not? Using a stratovolcano's crystal cargo to explore crustal-scale magmatic systems, Koma Kulshan (Mt. Baker), Northern Cascade Arc

这项建议的目标是通过对科马库尔山(Mt.贝克)在华盛顿州北部。美国有几个火山活跃区，其中包括科马库尔山火山。虽然科马库尔山位于人口稠密的地区，但对它的研究相对较少。该提案调查了导致科马库尔山火山喷发的过程和相关的时间尺度，以便在未来发生喷发时更好地为应对和协助减灾计划提供信息。这项工作还将通过夏季柯马库尔山实地体验为STEM边缘群体的学生提供基于地点的学习机会，这是一项为期一周的夏季实地体验，面向华盛顿州机构的预修专业，包括西北印度学院、Whatcom社区学院和亚基马山谷学院。此外，三名在不同职业阶段具有互补科学专业知识和不同身份的PI将领导这一合作项目，并将为华盛顿州本科生和研究生提供跨同行机构的多层次研究指导框架。该提案概述了对过去约100 ka科马库尔山喷发的熔岩和火山灰矿床的调查。它提供了一种综合方法，将成熟的岩石学技术(即矿物化学、结构和温压测量)与正在开辟新天地的方法(即机器学习、扩散计时和重建熔体包裹体中的挥发分)相结合。由此产生的数据将用于重建弧形地壳中岩浆储存的结构，并量化岩浆储存和喷发前上升的时间--这是喀斯喀兹火山观测站实施喷发事件树和减灾计划所需的关键因素。库尔山熔岩提供了一套独特的样本，非常适合进行这项研究，因为以前的工作已经确定了不同的晶体凝块和共结晶组合，它们代表了一个跨越地壳的系统的不同部分，在几万年的喷发中被挖掘出来。这项工作提供了测试跨地壳岩浆系统如何随时间演变的机会，并提高了我们对全球弧形火山的理解。这一奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力优势和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

The goal of this proposal is to address fundamental questions in volcano science related to how and when volcanoes erupt through a geochemical and mineralogical study of lavas erupted from Koma Kulshan (Mt. Baker) in northern Washington State. The United States has several volcanically active regions that contain “very-high-threat” volcanoes, including Koma Kulshan. While situated in a highly populated area, Koma Kulshan remains relatively understudied. This proposal investigates the processes that lead to eruptions at Koma Kulshan and the associated timescales, to better inform a response to, and aid in, hazard mitigation plans in the event of a future eruption. This work will also provide place-based learning opportunities for students from marginalized groups in STEM through the Summer Koma Kulshan Field Experience, a week-long summer field experience for pre-majors from Washington State institutions including Northwest Indian College, Whatcom Community College, and Yakima Valley College. Additionally, three PIs with complimentary scientific expertise and diverse identities at different career stages will lead this collaborative project and will provide a framework for multi-tiered research mentoring across peer institutions in the state of Washington for undergraduates and graduate students.This proposal outlines an investigation of lavas and tephra deposits erupted from Koma Kulshan over the past ~100 ka. It provides an integrated approach combining proven petrologic techniques (i.e., mineral chemistry and textures and thermobarometry) with methodologies that are breaking new ground (i.e., machine learning, diffusion chronometry, and reconstructed volatiles in melt inclusions). The resultant data will be used to reconstruct the architecture of magma storage in arc crust and quantify the timing of magma storage and ascent prior to eruption–key factors required for eruption event trees and hazard mitigation plans implemented by the Cascades Volcano Observatory. Kulshan lavas provide a unique sample set ideal for this study as previous work has identified distinct crystal clots and co-crystallizing assemblages that represent different parts of a transcrustal system tapped upon eruption over 10s of thousands of years. This work provides the opportunity to test how transcrustal magmatic systems evolve through time and improves our understanding of arc volcanoes globally.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.