GOALI: 3D-printed biomimetic structures for enhanced boiling heat transfer and thermal management

沸腾传热是通过将冷却剂从液体变为蒸汽来从热表面移除热量的最有效的方法之一。沸腾已经广泛应用于发电、制冷和空调系统、电子设备和其他高功率密度系统的热管理中。这个GOALI项目将研究液体供应和沸腾传热的基本方面，包括一种新型仿生结构的表面结构特征的影响。这将被集成到商业热交换器中，可能会显着提高传热性能。仿生结构将通过叶脉生长算法设计，并通过3D金属打印制造。除了液体供应和沸腾传热测试外，仿生结构还将在商业产品中进行耐久性和污垢测试。该研究的结果将有助于发展对仿生结构沸腾传热的基本理解，并开发用于电子设备和数据中心冷却的下一代商业产品。研究成果和活动将被整合到针对弱势群体和公众的教育和推广计划中，包括动手3D仿生结构设计和制造以及传热测试。沸腾传热中临界热通量和传热系数的提高取决于最大液体供应量和气泡产生率。增强的限制将通过数值模拟和实验进行检查和优化。仿生结构将解决垂直于加热表面的液体供应的流体动力学不稳定性和粘性阻塞以及平行于加热表面的液体润湿/芯吸的限制。关键的结构特征和表面特性将通过3D金属打印制造，并通过原子层沉积进行调整。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

Boiling heat transfer is one the most efficient ways of removing heat from a hot surface by changing the coolant from liquid to vapor. Boiling has been widely employed in thermal management of power generation, refrigeration and air conditioning systems, electronic devices, and other high-power density systems. This GOALI project will study fundamental aspects of liquid supplies and boiling heat transfer as affected by surface structure characteristics that include a novel biomimetic structure. This will be integrated into commercial heat exchangers that can potentially achieve significant increase in heat transfer performance. The biomimetic structures will be designed by a leaf-vein growth algorithm and manufactured by 3D metal printing. In addition to liquid supplies and boiling heat transfer tests, the biomimetic structures will be tested in commercial products for durability and fouling. The results of the study will assist both in developing basic understanding of boiling heat transfer by biomimetic structures and in developing next-generation commercial products for electronic devices and data center cooling. Research results and activities will be integrated into educational and outreach programs for underrepresented groups and the public, including hands-on 3D biomimetic structure design and manufacture, and heat transfer tests.Enhancements of the critical heat flux and heat transfer coefficient in boiling heat transfer are dictated by the maximum liquid supply and the bubble generation rate. The limits for enhancements will be examined and optimized through numerical simulations and experiments. A biomimetic structure will address the limits of hydrodynamic instability and viscous choking of liquid supply perpendicular to the heating surface, and of liquid wetting/wicking parallel to the heating surface. Critical structural characters and surface properties will be fabricated by 3D metal printing and tuned by atomic layer deposition. The structural characters and surface properties will be directly correlated to liquid supply and bubble nucleation and quantified by models.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.