Pattern-triggered Immunity in Plant-nematode Interaction

植物寄生线虫是最具破坏性的植物病原体之一，估计每年给美国造成80亿美元的损失。S.种植者和全球近780亿美元。植物利用其先天免疫系统抵抗各种病原体的感染。 该项目将促进我们对植物如何识别和应对线虫感染的理解。具体来说，研究人员将识别其感知激活植物先天免疫的线虫衍生分子。由于植物和动物的先天免疫系统在结构组成和激活机制方面具有显着的相似性，因此该项目的成功完成将增强我们对广泛生物体中先天免疫的理解。该项目还涉及在研究过程中指导高中和本科生，以及使用尖端分子生物学工具。戴维斯的博哈特昆虫学博物馆将举办一场主题为线虫对植物造成损害的展览。这项研究将通过为农业系统中线虫控制的发展奠定基础来加强生物经济。植物寄生线虫是高度进化的专性寄生虫，威胁着全球粮食安全。这些线虫有一个显着的能力，修改宿主细胞，作为其唯一的营养来源，在整个生命周期。植物已经进化出先天免疫系统，其包括能够识别各种类型的病原体的种系编码的免疫受体。植物免疫受体在结构上类似于它们的动物对应物，并且包括膜定位的病原体识别受体（PRR）以及细胞内核苷酸结合结构域富含亮氨酸重复序列（NLR）受体。PRR识别病原体相关分子模式（PAMP）并激活模式触发免疫（PTI），这是植物的第一道诱导防御。过去二十年的广泛研究已经确定了许多PAMP可以结合PRR以激活PTI，为多种植物提供抗感染保护。然而，植物-线虫相互作用中PTI激活的机制仍不清楚。基于我们的初步结果，该项目旨在鉴定和表征线虫来源的PAMP，其感知激活植物中的PTI。这种分子的鉴定将为激发研究植物-动物相互作用中的免疫感知提供强有力的手段。还将研究将PTI活化与下游免疫信号传导联系起来的信号传导机制。该项目为开发可持续和广谱的农作物线虫控制方法提供了一条途径。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

Plant parasitic nematodes are among the most destructive plant pathogens, causing an estimated $8 billion annual losses to U. S. growers and nearly $78 billion globally. Plants use their innate immune system to resist infection by various classes of pathogens. This project will advance our understanding of how plants recognize and respond to nematode infection. Specifically, the researchers will identify nematode-derived molecules whose perception activates plant innate immunity. Because innate immune systems of plants and animals share remarkable similarity in structural components and activation mechanisms, successful completion of this project will enhance our understanding of innate immunity in a broad range of organisms. This project also involves mentoring of high school and undergraduate students in the research process, and use of cutting-edge molecular biology tools. A display focusing on themes such as plant damage caused by nematodes will be created in the Bohart Museum of Entomology, Davis. The research will strengthen the bioeconomy by laying the groundwork needed for the development of nematode controls in agricultural systems.Plant parasitic nematodes are highly evolved obligate parasites that threaten global food security. These nematodes have a remarkable ability to modify host cells that serve as their only source of nutrients throughout their life cycle. Plants have evolved an innate immune system comprising germline-encoded immune receptors capable of recognizing various classes of pathogens. Plant immune receptors are structurally similar to their animal counterparts and include membrane-located pathogen-recognition receptors (PRRs) as well as intracellular nucleotide-binding domain leucine-rich repeat (NLR) receptors. PRRs recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and activate pattern-triggered immunity (PTI), the plant’s first line of inducible defense. Extensive studies over the past two decades have identified numerous PAMPs that bind PRRs to activate PTI, providing protection against infection in a wide range of plants. However, the mechanisms that underlie the activation of PTI in plant–nematode interactions remain unclear. Building on our preliminary results, this project aims to identify and characterize nematode-derived PAMPs whose perception activates PTI in plants. The identification of such a molecule will provide a powerful means to galvanize research examining immune perception in plant-animal interactions. Signaling mechanisms linking activation of PTI to downstream immune signaling will also be investigated. This project provides a pathway to developing sustainable and broad-spectrum methods for nematode control in crops.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.