IUCRC Phase III Villanova University: Center for Energy Smart Electronic Systems (ES2)

随着自动化和电子设备在大多数主要行业中的普及，产生的数据量以及处理/管理这些数据的需求持续增长。数据中心的自动化管理、应对新出现的热挑战和提高能效是满足这一需求的关键。能源智能电子系统中心（ES 2）是NSF工业大学合作研究中心（IUCRC），成立于2011年，旨在满足数据中心的这些需求。该奖项提供了一个第三阶段的更新，这三个网站IUCRC，其中包括宾厄姆顿大学，维拉诺瓦大学和得克萨斯大学阿灵顿。ES 2的愿景是开发用于操作电子系统的系统方法，包括数据中心，作为动态的、自感知的和调节的系统，这些系统是可预测的，并在真实的时间内得到验证。第一阶段和第二阶段的重点是开发新的能源优化和热管理模型和设计，以及使电子数据系统能够更有效和安全地运行的工具和算法。第三阶段将进一步扩展这些方法，以更接近全面实现ES 2愿景。该中心汇集了计算机科学家，电气工程师和机械工程师在一个协同的多学科团队，以推进该领域的工业相关研究。ES 2在促进电子系统能耗大幅降低方面，将有助于最终实现净零碳排放的国家议程。降低数据中心的能源成本将有助于使计算服务更易于部署，并可供更大的人群使用。ES 2继续吸引本科和研究生层次的学生，并在毕业后的职业生涯中提供工业相关的培训。ES 2还整合了合作大学和行业成员的各种机制，以增加女性和代表性不足的学生的参与。在维拉诺瓦，研究活动的重点是推进智能工作负载和服务器管理的整体中心目标，控制按需冷却的智能集成，以及智能消除能源浪费和效率低下。活动集中在三个主要重点领域：空气和混合空气-液体冷却系统，先进的液体冷却和可持续性，包括水，能源的消耗和废热的再利用。混合气液冷却系统的研究重点是开发模拟和预测组件和系统行为的能力，例如大多数系统的核心热交换器。特别感兴趣的是在开发紧凑的热流体模型，可以嵌入到系统CFD计算框架。先进液体冷却系统的研究重点是使用单相冷却的间接或直接到芯片的液体冷却，即，或者使用两相冷却，使用制冷剂。调查范围涵盖整个系统：从芯片规模到冷板和服务器冷却系统规模，再到整个系统的仿真工具开发。新的研究将在直接浸入式两相冷却方面展开，目标是了解和扩展服务器电子设备直接浸入式冷却的限制。对可持续数据中心的新关注将包括碳封存领域的新项目，以及开发创新工具和指标来预测和跟踪数据中心对水和能源消耗的影响。维拉诺瓦大学ES 2网站致力于在环境可持续发展的整体背景下进行研究，致力于使用NSF资助的ES 2研究来启动，促进和推进来自不同背景的学生，教师和研究人员的职业生涯，并将我们的研究传播到科学，工程，该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力价值进行评估，被认为值得支持和更广泛的影响审查标准。

With the proliferation of automation and electronic devices throughout most major industries, the amount of data being produced and the need to process/manage that data continues to grow. Automated management of data centers, addressing their emerging thermal challenges and improving their energy efficiency form the key to addressing this demand. The Center for Energy-Smart Electronic Systems (ES2), an NSF Industry University Cooperative Research Center (IUCRC), was established in 2011 to address these needs for data centers. This award provides a Phase III renewal for this 3-site IUCRC, which consists of Binghamton University, Villanova University and University of Texas at Arlington. ES2's vision is to develop systematic methodologies for operating electronic systems, including data centers, as dynamic, self- sensing and regulating systems that are predictable and verified in real time. The focus in Phase I and Phase II has been to develop new energy-optimization and thermal management models and designs, as well as tools and algorithms enabling electronic data systems to operate more efficiently and securely. Phase III will further expand on these methodologies to progress closer to a full realization of the ES2 vision. The Center brings together computer scientists, electrical engineers, and mechanical engineers in a synergistic multidisciplinary team to advance industrially relevant research in this area. ES2, in promoting significant reductions in energy consumption in electronic systems, will contribute to the national agenda of eventually reaching net-zero carbon emissions. Reducing energy costs in data centers will help to allow computing services to be more deployable and accessible for a larger population segment. ES2 continues to attract a diverse group of students at the undergraduate and graduate levels and provides industrially relevant training in their careers beyond graduation. ES2 has also integrated a variety of mechanisms across the partners universities and industry members to increase participation by women and underrepresented students. At the Villanova site, research activities focus on advancing the overall center goals of smart workload and server management, smart integration of controlled on-demand cooling, and smart elimination of energy waste and inefficiencies. Activities are focused in three main focus areas: air- and hybrid air- liquid cooling systems, advanced liquid cooling, and sustainability, including the consumption of water, energy, and the re-use of waste heat. Research in the hybrid air-liquid cooling systems focuses on developing capabilities for simulating and predicting the behavior of components and systems such as heat exchangers that are at the heart of most systems. Of particular interest is in developing compact thermal-fluid models that can be embedded in system CFD computational frameworks. The focus of research in advanced liquid cooling systems is in indirect or direct-to-chip liquid cooling using single phase cooling, i.e., with water, or using two-phase cooling, using refrigerants. Investigations span the entire system from: the chip-scale, to the cold plate and server cooling system scale, to the development of simulation tools for entire systems. New research will be launched in direct immersion two-phase cooling with the goals of understanding and extending the limits of direct immersion cooling of server electronics. A new focus on sustainable data centers will feature new projects in the areas of carbon sequestration and developing innovative tools and metrics to predict and track the impact of data centers on water and energy consumption. The Villanova University ES2 site is committed to research within the overall context of environmental sustainability, with a commitment to use NSF funded ES2 research to initiate, promote, and advance the careers of students, faculty, and researchers from diverse backgrounds, and to disseminate our research to the scientific, engineering, and public communities through innovative uses of print and visual media and public forums.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.