Personal Life-Form and Objective Spirit.Foundations of an Anthropological Philosophy of Mind

当代心灵哲学主要从身体层面和语言层面考察人类生活的心理层面。该研究项目从这一视域过于狭窄的假设出发，建议通过包括活体(莱布)和客观精神的维度来扩展这一视域。因此，它追求的是一种人类学心灵哲学的基础。人的概念是这一计划的核心。人格概念产生于关于什么构成属于这一类人的标准的辩论所产生的可疑后果，应该通过将人格确定为人的生命形式的分析人类学概念来避免。这种人格观将发展成为一种新的客观精神概念。考虑到“生命形式”和“生命空间”的内在联系，具体的人类生命形式可以被认为是对世界充满开放的。第二性的概念可能会证实这种生命形式的概念，如果它涉及到文化、传统、积极的自我反省和反思距离对这种生命形式的重要性。在此基础上，我们得出了客观精神的概念，它把客观精神确定为与人的生命形式相对应的生活领域，并使之与“个人精神”形成一种相互依存的关系。活的身体概念的后果是重要的：一方面，活的身体是个人精神的组成部分，因此对于客观精神的概念是不可或缺的；另一方面，活的身体不仅以肉体的方式确定，而且以客观精神以各种方式标记。

The contemporary philosophy of mind examines the mental dimension of human life primarily in relation to the physical-bodily and the linguistic dimension. The research project starts from the hypothesis that this horizon is too narrow and proposes to extend it by including the dimensions of the lived body (Leib) and the objective spirit. It thus pursues a foundation of an anthropological philosophy of mind. The concept of person is at the heart of this scheme. The dubious consequences of conceptions of personhood, arising from debates about criteria of what constitutes belonging to the class of persons, should be avoided by an analytic-anthropological conception that determines personhood as the human life-form. This view of personhood will then be developed into a new conception of objective spirit.Taking into consideration the internal relation between "life-form" and "life-sphere", the specifically human life-form can be conceived as permeated with openness to the world. The concept of second nature may substantiate the notion of such a life-form, if it copes with the importance of culture, tradition, active self-scrutiny and reflective distance for this life-form. On this basis we gain a conception of objective spirit, which determines it as the life-sphere corresponding to the human life-form and brings it in a relation of interdependence with the "personal spirit". The consequences with respect to a conception of the lived body are important: On the one hand the lived body is a constituent of the personal spirit and therefore indispensable for the conception of objective spirit; on the other hand the lived body is not only determined in a physical-bodily way but also marked by the objective spirit in various ways.