Laboratory Simulations of Cloud Processing of Smoke

该项目包括多相烟雾化学和烟雾与云的相互作用的环境室观测。关于烟羽化学，目前在实验室实验和实地观测之间存在着观测差距。关于烟羽如何老化和演变，以及在烟羽演变过程中排放和产生的气溶胶如何与我们的气候相互作用，仍然存在很大的不确定性。了解烟雾如何与阳光和云层相互作用是做出准确气候预测的关键部分。这项工作有四个主要目标：(1)量化干老化和云处理对烟雾样品中二次有机气溶胶形成和光吸收的影响；(2)量化这些对烟雾气溶胶吸水和半固态或液态相变的影响；(3)培养和指导12名多元化本科生；(4)在主要本科院校（PUI）指导和培养一名博士后。大部分实验将在法国巴黎东部大学（UPEC）的模拟大气多相室（CESAM）进行。预计它们将填补目前对烟雾老化和云相互作用的理解的空白，特别是关于棕色碳以及室内和实地观测数据之间的差异。本研究包括全烟和分烟实验，包括二次有机气溶胶干老化、云处理和火积云处理。这项工作包括大量的本科生研究人员，并为他们提供大量的实验室和国际研究经验。该奖项反映了美国国家科学基金会的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

This project includes environmental chamber observations of multiphase smoke chemistry and the interactions of smoke with clouds. There currently exists an observational gap between laboratory experiments and field observations with regard to smoke plume chemistry. Substantial uncertainties remain with regards to how smoke plumes age and evolve and how aerosols emitted and produced during the evolution of smoke plumes interact with our climate. Understanding how smoke interacts with sunlight and with clouds is a critical part of making accurate climate projections.There are four primary objectives to this proposed work: (1) quantify dry aging and cloud processing effects on secondary organic aerosol formation and light absorption within smoke samples; (2) quantify these effects on smoke aerosol water uptake and semi-solid or liquid phase transition; (3) train and mentor 12 diverse undergraduate students; and (4) mentor and train a postdoctoral fellow teach at a primarily undergraduate institution (PUI). Most of the experiments will be conducted in the Chambre de Simulation Atmosphérique Multiphasique (CESAM) at the Université Paris Est – Créteil (UPEC) in France. They are expected to fill a gap in the current understanding of smoke aging and cloud interactions, particularly with regard to brown carbon and differences between chamber and field observation data. This research involves whole-smoke and fractional smoke experiments that include secondary organic aerosol dry aging, cloud processing, and pyrocumulus cloud processing.This effort includes a large number of undergraduate student researchers and provides them with substantial laboratory and international research experience.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.