Collaborative Research: Active and Passive Seismic Imaging of the Three-Dimensional Structure and Magma System beneath the Summit of Kilauea Volcano

2018年，夏威夷的基拉韦厄火山经历了200多年来最大的下东部裂谷区喷发和火山口崩塌。虽然从大规模岩浆外流和地表崩塌中我们了解了很多，但对于崩塌峰顶下的岩浆管道系统以及岩浆向东裂谷区的迁移，我们仍然知之甚少。基拉韦厄火山岩浆系统的详细模型对于解决火山系统中岩浆演化和运输的相关问题至关重要。该项目与美国地质调查局合作，应用主动和被动地震调查以及新的地球物理技术，在2018年崩塌后提供地下峰顶结构的高分辨率三维图像。该项目将获得活火山岩浆管道系统的前所未有的图像，这对于预测未来火山爆发前岩浆的储存和运输以及减少潜在的经济和社会损失至关重要。地震数据集和高分辨率建模为其他活火山系统的根本性突破提供了模板。该项目为一些研究生和本科生提供支持和培训。该项目将夏威夷基拉韦厄山顶的主动-被动源调查与临时三分量节点阵列相结合，提供高分辨率地震图像，以获得对岩浆管道系统的新见解。地震调查数据用于一系列处理技术，包括到达时间层析成像、地震重新定位、全波形反演、表面波成像、环境噪声层析成像以及重力和大地电磁数据联合反演。该工作为基拉韦厄火山峰顶区域提供了前所未有的地震波场数据集和结构分辨率。在利用地震到达时间和环境噪声数据提高震源精度和深层结构分辨率方面，独立的地壳上速度和表面波约束是非常宝贵的。随之而来的对结构和组成的深入了解有助于评估夏威夷未来地震和火山灾害的可能性。该项目获得的地球物理记录还与随后喷发的橄榄石和玻璃的地球化学相联系，以建立地球化学信号与火山大厦内储层几何形状和分布之间的联系。该项目是研究人员和美国地质调查局（United States geological Survey）研究人员之间更大合作努力的一个组成部分，该合作努力汇集了广泛的地球物理成像技术，以及地球动力学和岩石学，共同努力。该奖项反映了美国国家科学基金会的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

In 2018, the Kilauea volcano in Hawai’i experienced its largest Lower East Rift Zone eruption and caldera collapse in over 200 years. While much was learned from the massive magma drainage and surface collapse, there remains little knowledge about the magma plumbing system beneath the collapsed summit and the migration of magma to the East Rift Zone. A detailed model of Kilauea’s magmatic system is critical for addressing questions related to magma evolution and transport in volcanic systems. This project partners with the United States Geologic Survey and applies active and passive seismic surveys along with novel geophysical techniques to provide a high-resolution three-dimensional image of the subsurface summit structure after the 2018 collapse. The project will result in an unprecedented image of the magma plumbing system in an active volcano which is of critical importance for predicting magma storage and transport prior to future eruptions and reducing potential economic and societal losses. The seismic dataset and high-resolution modeling provide a template for fundamental breakthroughs at other active volcanic systems. This project provides support and training for several graduate and undergraduate students.This project integrates an active-passive-source investigation of the Kilauea summit in Hawai’i with a temporary three-component nodal array to provide the high-resolution seismic images needed to gain new insights into the magma plumbing system. The data from the seismic survey are used for a battery of processing techniques including arrival-time tomography, earthquake relocation, full waveform inversion, surface wave imaging, ambient-noise tomography, and joint inversions with gravity and magnetotelluric data. The work provides an unprecedented seismic wavefield dataset and structural resolution for the summit area of Kilauea volcano. Independent, upper-crustal velocity of primary and surface wave constraints are invaluable in improving accuracies of earthquake hypocenters and the resolution of deeper structure using earthquake arrival time and ambient-noise data. The attendant insights into structure and composition help evaluate the potential of future seismic and volcanic hazards in Hawai’i. The geophysical record obtained in this project are also linked to the geochemistry of subsequently erupted olivine and glasses to establish a link between geochemical signals and reservoir geometry and distribution within the volcanic edifice. This project is an integral part of a larger collaborative effort between the investigators and United States Geologic Survey researchers that brings together a broad spectrum of geophysical imaging techniques, along with geodynamics and petrology, in a coordinated effort.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.