Applications of the State-of-the-Art Seismic Analysis Methods to the Island of Hawaii

夏威夷是世界上地震最活跃的地区之一，在过去几十年里一直是研究地震和岩浆过程之间相互作用的天然实验室。我们提出了一个为期两年的计划，应用最先进的地震分析技术，利用波形互相关的夏威夷岛，以评估细尺度近源的空间和时间的火山结构变化，并改善地震的位置。拟议研究中使用的数据是来自美国地质勘探局夏威夷火山观测站和临时地震台站的大约15万次地震的数字地震数据。该应用程序的目的是整合夏威夷的地震数据，以更好地了解近源地震参数的性质。在拟议的研究中，我们将在整个夏威夷岛开展以下五项具体任务：（1）通过使用波形互相关来计算纵波和横波的微分时间，（2）使用最新的层析成像算法将岩浆系统成像为复合事件数据集，（3）执行类似事件聚类分析和互相关重定位，（4）利用波形数据估计高分辨率的原地泊松比;（5）检查地震参数的时间变化。新开发的速度模型将用于解决管道和岩浆房，并改善绝对地震位置。高分辨率的原位泊松比对于追踪岩浆运动和估计部分熔融的分数将有很大帮助。这些结果将更好地约束地震位置的一个新的搬迁目录的基础上波形互相关数据。我们的结果将解决以下问题：（1）高分辨率三维（3-D）速度模型的同步反演将揭示什么关于岩浆系统和可能的岩浆体？(2)关于莫纳罗亚山和基拉韦厄的断层带，三维速度模型的绝对位置约束会告诉我们什么？(3)由波形互相关资料估计的高分辨率近源参数将揭示近源区的时空特征。(4)与其他地区相比，夏威夷的长期地震速度变化如何？这项研究的结果将产生一个适合地质学、构造学和火山学社区的公共信息数据库。

Hawaii is one of the most seismically active regions in the world and has been serving as a natural laboratory for studying the interactions between seismic and magmatic processes for the past few decades. We propose a two-year program to apply the state of the art seismic analysis techniques that take advantage of waveform cross-correlation to the Island of Hawaii to assess the fine-scale near-source spatial and temporal volcanic structural variations and to improve earthquake locations. The data to be used in the proposed research are the digital seismic data from the USGS Hawaiian Volcano Observatory and temporary seismic stations for about 150,000 earthquakes. The objective of this application is to integrate seismic data of Hawaii to better understand the nature of the near-source seismic parameters. In the proposed research, we will pursue the following five specific tasks to the entire Island of Hawaii: (1) to calculate both compressional and shear wave differential times by using waveform cross-correlation, (2) to image the magmatic system using the most recent tomography algorithm to a composite event data set, (3) to perform similar event cluster analysis and cross-correlation relocation, (4) to estimate high-resolution in situ Poisson's ratio using waveform data, and (5) to examine temporal variations in seismic parameters. The newly developed velocity models will be used to resolve conduits and magma chambers and to improve absolute earthquake locations. In situ Poisson's ratios with high-resolution will be of great help to track magma moving and estimate fraction of partial melt. These results will better constrain earthquake locations for a new relocation catalog based on waveform cross-correlation data. Our results will address the following questions: (1) what will the simultaneous inversions of the high-resolution three-dimensional (3-D) velocity models reveal about the magmatic system and possible magma bodies? (2) What will the absolute location constraints from 3-D velocity models tell us about the fault zones in Mauna Loa and Kilauea? (3) What will the high-resolution in situ near-source parameters estimated from waveform cross-correlation data reveal about the spatial and temporal characteristics in the near-source region? (4) How do the long-lasting seismic velocity variations in Hawaii compare to other regions? The results from this study will generate a public database of information suitable for the geology, tectonics, and volcanology communities.