Integrative Safety-Awareness-Model for the Prevention of Accidents on Construction Sites (iSAM)

2011年，德国建筑工地发生了116,689起工伤事故。在人的方面，这些事故对有关人员的健康造成重大后果。在经济方面，这种事故导致个别建设项目和整个经济的成本上升。为了减少建筑工地上的严重和致命事故的数量，必须开发具有综合办法的新模式和相关方法。在这一领域，实际上只有针对特殊施工过程的单一岛屿解决方案：缺少一个通用模型。因此，需要对工地工伤事故预防的一体化模式进行新的研究。本研究方案的目的是开发一种新的工地工伤事故预防一体化模式。影响施工过程安全的因素和边界条件很多。特别是，在移动的工程车辆区域和平行进行的工作过程的空间交叉口，发生事故的风险非常高。已经为特殊应用开发了一些单独的解决方案，但在启用预警系统方面缺乏一个涵盖所有应用的综合模式。为了弥补这一研究的不足，本文对软件无关的安全意识模型(ISAM)进行了如下研究：首先，构建过程模型必须补充新的安全交互关系；其次，必须利用传感器识别与安全相关的事件；第三，必须结合新的多智能体系统来实现预警功能。在提出者之前的国际各自工作的基础上，工作包详细地实现了这项基础研究的目标：(1)识别与安全相关的建筑过程的参考场景，包括属性和事件数据，以及目标场景的规范(2)过程建模、多代理系统和传感器的需求检测和合适方法的分析(3)综合安全意识模型各层的独立于软件的正式建模(4)演示器(5)基于目标场景(6)工作报告和出版物的结果和感知的验证、验证和散布。

116,689 working accidents happened in the year 2011 on German construction sites. On the human side these accidents have significant consequences for the health of the involved persons. On the economic side this accidents lead to rising costs for the individual construction project and for the whole economy in general. To reduce the number of severe and deadly accidents on construction sites new models and related methods with an integrated approach have to be developed. In this area there are actually only single island solutions for special construction processes: a general model is missing. Therefore, new research work for an integrative model is necessary.The aim of this research proposal is to develop a new integrative model for the prevention of working accidents on construction sites. Many factors and boundary conditions have an influence on the safety of construction processes. Especially, in the area of moving construction vehicles and in the spatial intersection of parallel conducted working processes the risk for accidents is very high. Some individual solutions have been developed for special applications, but an integrative model embracing all applications in terms of enabling an early warning system is missing. In the proposal this new characteristic is called safety-awareness.To close this lack of research the approach in the proposal is as follows for the integrative software-independent formal Safety-Awareness-Model (iSAM): firstly, building process models have to be supplemented with new safety interaction relationships, secondly, safety relevant events have to be identified with sensors and, thirdly, in combination with a new multi-agent-system the early warning functionality has to be implemented. On base of the international respective work in advance of the proposer the working packages are in detail to reach the aims of the this basic research:(1) Identification of reference scenarios for safety relevant building processes with attribute and event data plus specification of the target scenario(2) Detection of requirements and analysis of suitable methods for process modeling, multi-agent -systems and sensors(3) Software-independent formal modeling of the layers of the integrative Safety-Awareness-Model(4) Demonstrator(5) Verification, Validation and dissipation of results and perceptions on base of the target scenario(6) Working report and publications.