CAREER: Structural and Accountable Behavior Understandings and Human-centered AI Designs with Naturalistic Micromobility Riding Data

微移动系统是小型轻量化车辆，通常以低于15英里/小时的速度运行。示例包括常规和电动自行车、站立式电动踏板车和配备座椅的3轮踏板车。 了解微出行者应该如何行动，以尽量减少与城市交通其他组成部分的冲突是至关重要的。将这种理解用于微移动平台的设计及其与乘客的互动将提高城市交通的安全性和舒适性，并提高公众的接受度。骑手的行为是结构化的，包括加速、转弯和下马等动作，以及选择访问地点和路径等宏观行为。 建立结构化的骑手行为模型是必要的，因为现有的模型很难用来解释骑手的责任，以及行为是否为公众所接受。为了应对这些挑战，本项目提出设计一种新的结构和可问责的微移动骑手行为理解系统（SARBUS）。SARBUS将通过以人为中心的人工智能提供微移动骑手行为建模。对于具体的见解和原型开发，该项目将重点关注日益流行的站立式电动滑板车（电动滑板车）。该模型的开发将使用来自真实骑行场景中收集的连续多模态传感器的数据。主要研究者将从研究中代表性不足的群体中招募和培训学生，并将利用项目研究通过学生指导，新课程开发和推广活动来促进教学和培训。该项目将由两个交错的建模主题组成。Thrust A将开发一种强化学习技术，以交互方式学习和捕获骑手的宏观位置访问和路径（通过GPS日志）和微观操纵行为（通过加速度计和陀螺仪），以及它们的结构相互依赖性。这一推力将推导出一个图形表示，SARBUS将使用该图形表示来阐明和解释骑手的决策过程。推力B将根据机动行为的运动传感器读数（加速度计和陀螺仪）、记录的（车载）骑行视频以及这些视频的人类文本注释来构建模型。这些数据将捕捉车手与其他道路使用者和环境的互动。这一推动力将通过图形学习量化这些模式之间的关系，由此产生的模型将揭示骑手行为何时与其他交通要素产生冲突，并确定骑手的责任。主要研究者将进一步进行电子-与SARBUS一起进行踏板车骑手案例研究，以了解结构骑手行为建模和责任解释如何共同使骑手在路线选择和骑行行为方面受益，提高出行效率并减少冲突。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查进行评估，被认为值得支持的搜索.

Micromobility systems are small, lightweight vehicles that usually operate below 15 mph. Examples include regular and electric bicycles, stand-up electric scooters, and 3-wheeled scooters equipped with seats. Understanding how micromobility riders should behave to minimize conflicts with other constituents of urban traffic is essential. Using this understanding in the design of micromobility platforms and their interactions with the rider will improve safety and comfort in urban transportation and enhance public acceptance. Rider behavior is structured, consisting of maneuvers such as acceleration, turns, and dismounts and macroscopic behaviors such as the selection of locations to visit and paths to take. Building structured models of rider behavior is necessary as the existing models are difficult to use for interpreting rider accountability, and whether behaviors are acceptable to the public. To address these challenges, this project proposes to design a novel Structural and Accountable micromobility Rider Behavior Understanding System (SARBUS). SARBUS will provide the micromobility rider behavior modeling through human-centered artificial intelligence. For concrete insights and prototype development, the project will focus on the increasingly popular stand-up electric scooters (e-scooters). The model development will use data from continuous multi-modal sensors collected during real-world riding scenarios. The principal investigator will recruit and train students from under-represented groups in research, and will use the project research to promote teaching and training through student mentoring, new course development, and outreach activities.This project will be composed of two interleaved modeling thrusts. Thrust A will develop a reinforcement learning technique that interactively learns and captures the rider's macroscopic location visit and paths (through GPS logs) and microscopic maneuvering behaviors (through accelerometers and gyroscopes), as well as their structural inter-dependencies. This thrust will derive a graph representation that will be used by SARBUS to illuminate and explain the riders' decision-making process. Thrust B will build models from the motion sensor readings of the maneuver behaviors (accelerometers and gyroscopes), recorded (on-board) riding videos and the human textual annotations of those videos. These data will capture the interactions of the riders with other road users and the environment. This thrust will quantify the relationships across these modalities through graph learning, and the resulting models will reveal when rider behaviors create conflicts with other traffic elements, and identify rider accountability. The principal investigator will further conduct e-scooter rider case studies with SARBUS to understand how the structural rider behavior modeling and accountability interpretation can together benefit the riders in route selection and riding behavior with enhanced travel efficiency and fewer conflicts.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.