Shifts in the Mediterranean Hydrography and Circulation observed on repeated transects through the Mediterranean Sea.

这次航行的目的是调查地中海的两个水文过程：a)确定黎凡特中间水（LIW）的长期变化，其盐度不仅影响地中海的全球环流，而且有助于北大西洋中深度直至美洲海岸的盐度分布，因此可能与海洋气候有关。b)调查东地中海的深水团。近几十年来，东地中海的水文和环流发生了剧烈的变化，这被称为东地中海瞬变（EMT）。EMT的一个现象是深水地层从亚得里亚海转移到爱琴海。EMT的影响仍然是明显的，并导致持续变化的温盐环流。必要的测量将在巡航中进行（P467），这已经被批准了。通过地中海的高分辨率东西横断面将在水柱上部800米内使用Underway-CTD进行。对于已经在其他巡航中反复采样的特殊位置，将完成CTD/lADCP曲线直至底部。通过在特殊位置重复测量，将有可能研究不同物理变量的长期时间发展。在此收集的资料及申请人以往的邮轮资料，将会就上述各方面进行分析。

The purpose of this cruise is to investigate two hydrographic processes in the Mediterranean Sea:a) To determine long term variations of the Levantine Intermediate Water (LIW), the salinity of which not only influences the global circulation of the Mediterranean Sea but also contributes to the salinity distribution of the northern Atlantic in intermediate depths up to the coast of America and which can therefore be relevant for the oceans climate. b) To investigate the deep water masses of the Eastern Mediterranean Sea. In the Eastern Mediterranean Sea drastic changes in the hydrography and circulation occurred during the last decades, which were known as the Eastern Mediterranean Transient (EMT). One phenomenon of the EMT was the shift of deep water formation from the Adriatic Sea to the Aegean Sea. The impacts of the EMT are still noticeable and result in an ongoing changing thermohaline circulation.The necessary measurements will be taken on a cruise (P467), which is already granted. A high resolved east-west transection through the Mediterranean Sea will be carried out within the upper 800m of the water column with an Underway-CTD. On special positions, already repeatedly sampled on other cruises, CTD/lADCP profiles down to the bottom will be accomplished. By repeating measurements at special positions it will be possible to investigate the long term temporal development of the different physical variables. The data gained here and data of former cruises of the applicants will be analysed regarding the aforementioned aspects.