Verbal anti-Semitism on the Internet: a linguistic corpus analysis of forms of transmission of current hatred towards Jews in the World Wide Web

德国的反犹太主义态度不仅是一种历史现象，而且是一种没有改变的当前现象，这种现象发生在社会的各个层面，而不仅仅是极右翼。这一令人震惊的发现得到了研究的证实，引发了政府层面的相应讨论：2011年，联邦议院委托一个专家小组撰写了一份题为《德国的反犹太主义》的报告。出现的形式、条件、预防的思路。2012年1月提交的这份报告在这方面使这种所谓的日常反犹太主义的存在成为问题。它代表了一种记录(和打击)当前对犹太人的敌意的类别，这一类别直到现在还很少被认识到。然而，它很难被识别，因为直到今天，它仍然是以间接的、部分是无意识地创造的话语再现的，因为它广泛传播并深深植根于社会。但在当代的研究中，这种反犹态度在整个社会中的确切再现是如何发生的，以及语言和现代媒体扮演着什么角色，几乎没有人分析过。在这个项目中，我们想要对这一愿望采取行动，以语言的方式分析口头反犹太主义的灰色地带；许多形式的间接言辞，这些形式并不立即被认为是反犹太刻板印象的表达，以及它们在现代是如何传播的。我们可以借助精确的语言分析来处理灰色地带的问题。在传播方面，我们认为互联网媒介在言语反犹太主义的(转载)生产中起着特别重要的作用。由于其传播的特殊性，尽管1945年后有禁忌，但可以制定明确的反犹言论，并将其带入社会中心，从而在主要公共话语中确立相应的态度。这些发生在语言层面上的过程已经被认识到--然而，迫切需要的详细研究只有在准确和广泛的分析的帮助下才能完成，这将通过这个项目实现。通过对语言使用的分析，这个项目明显有别于反犹太主义的标准研究，可以为它和其他研究领域提供重要的推动力。

Anti-Semitic attitudes in Germany are not just a historical, but an unchanged current phenomenon, which occurs on all levels of society, and not just on the extreme right. This alarming discovery, confirmed by research, has led to a corresponding discussion on the governmental level: in 2011 the Bundestag commissioned a panel of experts to write a report with the title Anti-Semitism in Germany. Forms of appearance, conditions, ideas for prevention. This report, that was presented in January 2012, problematized in this context the presence of this so-called every day anti-Semitism. It represents a category, which until now was rarely recognised, of recording (and combating) current animosity towards Jews. It is, however, difficult to be identified because until the present day it has been reproduced in indirect and partly unconsciously created utterances as it is wide-spread and deeply rooted in society. But how exactly this reproduction of anti-Semitic attitudes all over society takes place and what role language and the modern media play, has been barely analysed in contemporary research. In this project, we want to act on this desideratum, by analysing - in a linguistic way - the grey zones of verbal anti-Semitism; the many forms of indirect verbalisation which are not immediately recognisable as an expression of anti-Jewish stereotypes, and how they are transmitted in modern times. We can handle the problem of the grey zones with the help of exact linguistic analysis. Concerning transmission, we assume that the medium of internet plays an especially important role for the (re)production of verbal anti-Semitism. Due to the specifics of its communication, clear anti-Semitic utterances can be formulated, despite the taboo post-1945, and brought into the centre of society, so that corresponding attitudes become established in the main public discourse. These processes, which happen on the level of language, have already been recognised - the strongly required detailed research can however only be done with the help of exact and extensive analysis, that will be realised by this project. With the analysis of the use of language this project clearly differentiates itself from standard research of anti-Semitism and can provide important impulses to it and other areas of research.