Collaborative Research: Sulfur Oxide Chemistry in Aqueous Aerosols--Mechanisms and Kinetics of Inorganic Sulfate and Organosulfur Compound Formation in the Atmosphere

在这个合作项目中，研究小组将进行实验室实验和盒模型模拟，以研究气溶胶中硫化合物的形成。由于缺乏一系列环境条件下的实验数据，目前模式中硫酸盐气溶胶形成的化学表征存在空白，特别是在雾霾发作期间。这个研究小组试图填补这一空白。所获得的知识可用于大规模大气化学模型，这有可能对空气质量管理和气候变化研究界产生积极影响。此外，在这个项目期间将培训三名研究生，并将编制双语（英语和西班牙语）外联教材和录像，并通过新的和正在进行的外联活动与非技术人员分享。该研究代表了二氧化硫大气化学概念的改变，旨在表征多相和含水气溶胶中低至高氧化态硫转化途径的动力学和化学机制。该项目包括三个具体研究：(1)利用气溶胶光学镊子方法，在一定pH值和离子强度条件下，通过过氧化氢、有机过氧化物和过渡金属离子氧化途径，研究水溶液气溶胶中硫酸盐的形成；(2)研究了在不同pH、温度和离子强度条件下，水溶液中硫酸盐自由基引发的硫酸盐和有机硫形成途径之间的竞争；(3)含有活性金属包裹体（如矿物和粉煤灰颗粒）的多相水滴中二氧化硫的化学性质的研究。该奖项反映了美国国家科学基金会的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

In this collaborative project, the research team will conduct laboratory experiments and box model simulations to study sulfur compound formation within aerosols. There currently exist gaps in the chemical representation of sulfate aerosol formation in models, especially during haze episodes, due to a lack of experimental data over a range of environmental conditions. This research team seeks to fill this gap. The knowledge gained could be used in large-scale atmospheric chemistry models, which has the potential to positively impact air quality management and climate change research communities. Additionally, three graduate students will be trained during this project, and bilingual (English and Spanish) outreach kits and videos will be developed and shared with non-technical audiences via new and ongoing outreach activities.The research, which represents a change to the conceptualization of sulfur dioxide atmospheric chemistry, aims to characterize the kinetics and chemical mechanisms for low- to high-oxidation state sulfur conversion pathways within multiphase and aqueous aerosols. The project includes three specific investigations: (1) the investigation of sulfate formation in aqueous aerosols via hydrogen peroxide, organic peroxides, and transition metal ion oxidation pathways under a range of pH and ionic strength conditions using an aerosol optical tweezer-based approach; (2) an investigation of the competition between sulfate and organosulfur formation via sulfate radical initiated formation pathways in aqueous aerosols under different pH, temperature, and ionic strength conditions; and (3) an investigation of sulfur dioxide chemistry within multiphase aqueous droplets that contain reactive metal-containing inclusions such as minerals and coal fly ash particles.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.