RAPID: Geotechnical Engineering and Geo-Sciences Response to the 6 February 2023 Turkiye Earthquake Sequence

2023年2月6日的土耳其地震序列涉及沿着板块边界断层的大规模走滑地震。类似的走滑板块边界断层存在于全球许多其他地区，包括加州。虽然断层的存在是已知的，但关于地震对这些断层的影响，无论是在相关的地震危害（地面运动水平）还是对人和基础设施的影响方面，都仍有许多未知之处。因此，地震工程和地震学界必须从这一破坏性和开创性的事件中吸取教训。这种学习始于美国和土耳其联合组织的协调、多国和多机构的侦察计划（Cetin等人，2023年，GEER协会报告082）。快速反应研究（RAPID）项目的基础上的侦察工作，调查特别感兴趣的网站，开发可用的数据，它可以用来推进地震和工程建模，从而影响地震风险降低。该奖项支持研究人员在2023年2月6日受两次大地震影响的地区的特定地点进行有针对性的调查。这些调查包括：（1）通过开发断裂全长的运动恢复结构（SfM）模型来记录地表断层断裂，以补充特定地点的现场评估。(2)在东安纳托利亚断层（在2023年事件中破裂）的南端附近，当它过渡到死海断层（没有破裂）时，进行断层挖沟/定年，以了解断层段之间的偏移如何阻止破裂和未破裂断层的“加载”。(3)使用面波和地震锥穿透测试来表征破裂断层附近的地面运动台站，目前缺乏此类数据。(4)在港口设施等目标地点进行有限的额外侦察。这项工作的更广泛影响是为恢复提供信息，告知我们对美国部分地区应用的多断层破裂序列的理解，并填充用于建立地表断层破裂预测模型的数据库，地面运动，地震大坝性能，地震生命线性能，液化触发和变形，该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。

The 6 February 2023 Türkiye Earthquake Sequence involved large-magnitude, strike-slip earthquakes along plate boundary faults. Similar strike-slip plate boundary faults exist in many other areas globally, including California. While the presence of the faults is known, much remains unknown about the effects of earthquakes on those faults, both in terms of the associated seismic hazards (levels of ground motion) and the impacts on people and infrastructure. As such, it is essential that the earthquake engineering and seismology communities learn from this devastating and seminal event. That learning began with a coordinated, multi-nation and multi-institution reconnaissance program jointly organized between the US and Turkey (Cetin et al. 2023, GEER Association Report 082). This Grant for Rapid Reponse Research (RAPID) project builds upon the reconnaissance work to investigate sites that are of special interest, developing the available data to the point that it can be used to advance seismological and engineering modeling, and thereby influence seismic risk reduction. This RAPID award supports researchers conducting targeted investigations at specific locations in the regions affected by two large earthquakes on 6 February 2023. The investigations include: (1) Documenting surface fault rupture by developing Structure from Motion (SfM) models of the full length of the rupture to supplement in-field evaluations at specific locations. (2) Fault trenching/dating near the southern end of the East Anatolian Fault (ruptured in 2023 event) as it transitions to the Dead Sea Fault (did not rupture) to understand how offsets between fault segments can arrest rupture and the “loading” of non-ruptured faults. (3) Characterizing ground motion station sites close to the ruptured fault using surface wave and seismic cone penetration testing, where such data is currently lacking. (4) Performing limited additional reconnaissance at targeted sites such as port facilities. The broader impact of this work is to inform recovery, inform our understanding of multi-fault rupture sequences with application in parts of the US, and populate databases used to build predictive models for surface fault rupture, ground motions, seismic dam performance, seismic lifelines performance, liquefaction triggering and deformations, and seismic foundation performance among others.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.